مطالب

Compared to traditional media, an important characteristic of modern media is that it taps on electric and electronic means and it has extensive coverage. The most important characteristic of traditional media is that it creates a face-to-face communication between addresser and addressees. Modern media has its roots in modernism and is a direct consequence of modern societies. Modern media especially visual media represent the dominant values in the society and has altered the function of family toward more individualism, and individual behavioral patterns. Under the influence of modern media, families are losing their traditional function and are experiencing new functions. A function geared toward more individualism and catering for the individual needs of family members, a function that challenged the traditional dominant values of the family. Among all the contributing factors, modern media in their various forms and comprehensive advertisements, have played a pivotal role in internalizing characteristics of modern world and specially individualism among family members. The current study aims to investigate the new functions of family in accordance with the role played by visual media in the modern society.

Il est toujours une tâche ambitieuse et ardue que d'essayer de traiter d’un domaine qui allie religion et technologie. Depuis l'aube de l'Internet, des personnes de différentes cultures et géographies ont utilisé le cyberespace pour communiquer. L'Internet, un "espace sans visage et technologiquement construit", a contribué à désacraliser le monde moderne. Aussi, il est certain aujourd’hui que l’Internet est devenu un outil utilisé pour promouvoir le royaume de Dieu. Le défi n'est pas unique à une religion. Non seulement les communautés laïques ont prospéré sur l’Internet mais aussi les entités religieuses et cela depuis des décennies. En fait, le premier forum en ligne consacré aux discussions de religion date de 1983 (le groupe Usenet net.religion), seulement treize ans après la naissance du courrier électronique. Pour en savoir plus sur l’Islam et soutenir les fidèles dans leurs parcours de la foi, des sites ont vu le jour pour fournir des ressources éducatives pour les visiteurs. Généralement, ils apprennent individuellement le Coran, le corpus des hadiths, les règles de l’Islam, son histoire et bien d’autres questions liées à cette religion. En même temps, il se crée entre les fidèles un espace pour les forums de discussion et de dialogue. Grâce au développement de l'Internet interactif, de nouveaux secteurs ont émergé: les fatwas en ligne, l'enseignement de la religion et de questions-réponses sur la vie quotidienne. On peut donc entendre “de nouveaux ulamas”. L'objectif de la présente contribution est de présenter les tentatives de l’utilisation de l’internet à des fins pédagogiques en France dans un contexte de changement socioculturels induits par les l'arrivée du numérique dans la sphère religieuse. Est-ce juste un moyen de plus par lequel le contenu peut être diffusée ou l'Internet produit-il des transformations profondes - et, dans l'affirmative, dans quelles mesures et comment? Pour ce faire, notre contribution abordera deux questions. Premièrement, comment l’internet à gagné le monde spirituel en général et deuxièmement, ce travail donnera une évaluation théorique des expériences tentées en France parmi la jeune communauté musulmane auprès de qui, nous avons procédé par un sondage.

Due to the sublimation and perfection of human knowledge in economics, the concept of efficiency developed in the past two decades and the measurement of it, based on different theories and practice. In economics, efficiency means the maximum of possible output from a certain amount of input. The efficiency is very important for developing countries Because these countries face to a shortage of inputs, production factors and technologies. So the usage of existing resources is critical for these countries. This paper aims to evaluate and rank the financial performance of the chemical firms listed in Tehran stock exchange. We Use the data environment analysis and TOPSIS methods. This research includes one major question that which company performs better due to the financial ratios. The sample includes the firms in Tehran Stock Exchange within a 3-year period (2013-2015). The Results show that Ahvas Petrochemical company, Persian Gulf Petrochemical Industry company and Iran Chemical Industries company are more efficient than others.

This research attempts to investigate the effect of financial constraints and different levels of agency costs on the investment efficiency of companies in Iran. Following the design of the financial risk assessment indexes, the transaction information was collected from the Stock Exchange in the five-year period of 2011-2015. The statistical sample consists of 128 companies selected by sampling method based on Cochran formula in which totally obtained 640 year-firm data. Linear regression and correlation were used to investigate the hypotheses of the research. Also Eviews software was used to analyse the data and test the hypotheses. What is summarized in the overall conclusion of the research hypothesis test is that financial constraints are effective on investment performance based on the indicators (kz) and (ww), as well as the various levels of agency costs, including high and low agency costs effect on investment efficiency.

The purpose of this study was to examine the expected returns of Carhart model compared to the capital asset pricing model and the implicit capital cost model based on cash and capital returns of growth and value stocks. The statistical population consisted of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain is between 2007 and 2016. By choosing Cochran sampling, 126 companies were selected as the statistical sample. The present research is an applied research and is naturally a descriptive study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe the data, and to analyze the data, SPSS software was used. Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of total returns and returns from the capital profit of growth and value stock; while there is no significant difference between the average cash flow of growth and value stocks. In addition to growth stocks, the expected returns on the basis of Carhart model are closer to real returns compared to expected returns based on the capital asset pricing model. But about value stock, the expected returns on the basis of Carhart model are not closer to actual returns compared to expected returns based on the capital asset pricing model and the cost of capital, and ultimately for growth stocks, expected returns based on Carhart model compared with expected returns, the implicit capital cost model is closer to actual returns.

Ibn Tufail as a scientist as well as an artist exposes the issues of human anatomy, autopsy, and vivisection and, thereby, could be regarded as a SciArtist. SciArt might be defined as a reciprocal relation between art and science. Followings are the kinds of these interactions: artistically-inclined scientific activities,science-minded artistic activities, and intertwined scientific and artistic activities. In their fictional treatises, Avicenna, Ibn Tufail, and Suhrawardi are traditional avatars of SciArt. This paper frames an account of SciArt, suggesting in detail Ibn Tufail’s work as a prototypical example, while Avicenna and Suhrawardi go beyond the scope of this paper. An instant of intertwined scientific and artistic activities strongly captivates the attentions to Ibn Tufail, describing human anatomy, autopsy, and vivisection in his Treatiseof Hay Ibn Yaqzan. Recognized as the first philosophical story, Hay Ibn Yaqzan depicts the whole philosophy of Ibn Tufail by the story of an autodidactic feral child a gazelle raised whom in an island in the Indian Ocean.