درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present paper is meant to answer the question: How fluctuation in economic growth rate increased the risk of instability in Iran in the Post-JCPOA? In response and based on reliable data and taking a political economy approach, it is hypothesized that the high fluctuations in the economic growth rate associated with JCPOA has led to the political instability through deepening and intensification of expectations gap. To do so and using a comparative method, a number of factors associated with calculating modes of added value (sub-sectors including agriculture, oil, industry and mining, and ) as well as international indicators affecting the economic growth are analyzed in the two time spans of pre and post JCPOA. For further validity, reference is made to the results of some polls conducted by some credible institutes. The findings show that the sudden rise and fall of the economic growth rate due to oil revenues after the agreement turned the hope created in the context of the expected gap formed by the promises of the agreement into disappointment; and paved the way for street unrests

Today, random and intelligent risks have made supply management disruptive much more than before. Over the past decade, many supply network (SN) disruptions in oil and gas industry have been due to the deliberate risks posed by international sanctions. Undoubtedly, resilience in general and resilience of SN in particular has been a systematic approach for firms and organizations to deal with disruptions. This study aimed to measure, assess and compare the resilience of SNs in oil and gas companies based on mixed approach: Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS). The statistical population of the study consisted of 11 subsidiaries of the National Iranian Oil Company. A robust systematic review of the literature was conducted to collect all the crucial components of supply network resilience (SNR) from 608 articles that ultimately resulted in 40 key factors based on the context-intervention-mechanism-outcome logic (CIMO-logic). Quantitative analysis was carried out in the upstream sector of 3 subsidiaries of Iranian Central Oil Fields Company (ICOFC) including South Zagros, East and West Oil and Gas Production Companies. The results demonstrated a relationship between components and their measurement in upstream companies. A further finding is that South Zagros Oil and Gas Production Company was more resilient than the other two companies.

Currently, distribution of various types of petroleum products is performed exclusively by the government. The high price of land in metropolitan cities, lack of incentive for the private sector to invest in construction of filling station due to the low-income, have caused filling stations to be insufficiently available. One of the solutions to overcome this obstacle is to use the ability of the private sector for distribution of petroleum products. To reduce the government's ownership, the market structure for petroleum products distribution in the country needs to be changed. This change should be firstly done gradually and step by step, and secondly, the government has to monitor this issue at various stages. In this study, three stages are proposed for the market restructuring of the petroleum products distribution in the country, and the conditions and requirements for each stage are separately identified. For the private fuel distributing companies, the most important problem is the economic issue and having profit. On the other hand, since the product price is still subsidized in the country, therefore, it is indispensable that the amount of commission fee should be determined in such a way that the activity for private companies is economically justified. In this study, the amount of products commision fee is calculated concerning capital and operatational expenditures, using the engineering economics method in different situations by COMFAR version 3 software.

Natural gas infrastructure is growing and global LNG volumes are set to expand substantially. This results in more trade between different regions of the world and emergence of a more competitive and relatively more integrated global gas market. In addition, several key markets are currently undergoing structural reform with the aim of opening them to competition. In line with these changes in the global market, gas pricing methods also need to be adapted. This paper discusses the challenges of natural gas pricing and price review in this new market environment. Firstly, the current structure of the global and regional gas markets is analyzed. Secondly, challenges in natural gas pricing and price review are discussed, and in this context oil-indexation and hub-indexation are analyzed in detail. Thirdly, the recommended framework for pricing and price review in the more competitive global market are presented. The pricing mechanism and price review framework should be tailored to the characteristics of the gas market and the stages of growth and maturity of the market.

Environmental tax reform can be used in a fundamental transformation towards a green economy. Green tax may reduce the energy consumption and pollution emissions, as well as other economic benefits. This study mainly focused on the effects of green taxes on labor demand in Iranian industry sector during 1980 – 2015. Regarding the double dividend hypothesis, green taxes may improve the employment by substitution between labor and energy. Using CES production function, the elasticity of substitution between labor and energy is estimated 0.48 percent for industry sector. Then, the effect of green taxes on labor demand is investigated subject to government’s fixed budget constraint and labor demand function. The results show that green tax will have positive effects on employment in the industry. During the transfer of the labor tax system to the green tax system, the environment and employment may improve, without additional cost to the government and producer.

<span class="H5CharChar"><span>This research identifies decision-making styles and components of succession planning and examines their relationship.The statistical population (190 people) in the present survey research consists of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) Organization managers who were assessed using the Census Method. Scott and Bruce’s general decision-making questionnaire and Kim’s succession planning questionnaire were used with a response rate of 90%. Data was analyzed with the SPSS and Smart Planning softwares. In analyzing the obtained results, the dominant decision-making style is rational, followed respectively by the intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous decision-making styles. By investigating succession planning capabilities, the results of the research showed that among items in the succession planning system, candidate evaluation ranked first, followed by policy setting, system evaluation, and candidate development respectively as the priorities of the statistical population. The research hypothesis based on a significant relationship between the decision-making styles and organizational succession planning capabilities was confirmed. In order to improve its human resources and bridge the gap with global standards, it is therefore proposed that the senior management of the organization take serious steps to implement the succession planning program. It is also recommended that other esteemed researchers carry out the present research again after the implementation of the succession planning program in the studied organization and compare the results before and after the implementation of the program.</span></span>

Rapid changes and competitions in today's world have shifted the role of governmental enterprises into regulating and directing activities. This has led to the need for the analysis of internal/ external situations and the revision of strategic planning of such companies. The Iranian Oil Terminals Company, as one of the National Iranian Oil Company subsidiaries, has developed its vision, mission, and strategic plan. In this paper, the strategic planning was fulfilled for the Procurement and Supply system of IOTC, which has the role of supporting the primary activities of the company by sourcing, purchasing, warehousing, and delivering the requested materials. In this regard, different models of strategic planning were reviewed to design a suitable approach for strategy formulation. The adopted framework was implemented using the balanced scorecard approach and the results were presented step by step in the paper. . . . . . . . . . . .

One of the requirements for the formation of stability in regions and sub-regions is the creation of regional security complexes. The necessity of creation these regional security complexes is the existence of security orders which are outcomes of regional actors’ agreements to control internal crisis and challenges and to manage the level of external interventions in regional affairs. Due to its geopolitical, geo-strategic and geo-economic importance, especially in the oil field, the West Asian region has a great impact on the international security of the oil market, and the formation of an endogenous regional security complex can provide the necessary basis for oil security. The strengthening and expansion of the Axis of Resistance strategy under Islamic Republic of Iran leadership in formation a regional security complex could ensure oil security, as much as possible. This article studies the central impact of the Axis of Resistance strategies, especially the Islamic Republic of Iran in ensuring oil security through the formation of regional security complex. Countering unilateralism in oil market management, countering US-managed chaos to gain new customers in the oil market, and countering oil conversion as a financial source for international terrorism are some of the strategies of the Axis of Resistance and the Islamic Republic of Iran in this regard.