علی اصغر داوودی

During the Qajar period, women were subjected to severe restrictions due to patriarchal and traditional society, and due to illiteracy and lack of presence in society, they suffered from ignorance of the environment and ignorance due to lack of connection with the outside world. In addition to associations, women created women's magazines and newspapers to raise awareness and protest their status. The Constitutional Revolution led to the gradual presence of women journalists and women's publications in the press arena. This was not easy to do because religious and traditional communities were among the factors limiting women's activities. For this reason, the question arises that what effect did women's publications have on the promotion of the position and situation of women in Qajar society? Given that after the Constitutional Revolution, newspapers were one of the most important media outlets, the hypothesis is that women, like other sections of society, have expressed their views and goals through publications and tried to raise awareness and change the mentality and attitude of women. The results of the research show the growth of awareness, change of attitude and the entry of a large number of women into society. Because with the entry of the first Pahlavi period, submissive women without claiming the Qajar period, have become aware and demanding women and have raised demands such as equal rights with men and the right to enter society and employment, which is mainly the result of the activities of Qajar periodicals. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected in a library method.

Gender gap is considered as an indicator to measure the level of inequality between women and men in a society. To measure the gender gap, four global indicators of economic participa-tion opportunities, access to educational facilities, health and survival, and opportunities for women's political empowerment are used. In any country, policies and planning structures have a great impact on reducing or increasing the gender gap due to the distribution of re-sources and the allocation of facilities. One of the basic sources for policy making is develop-ment plans. In Iran, after the Islamic revolution, six five-year development programs have been implemented so far, in all of which policies in the field of women have been formulated and implemented. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the issue of gender gap in the sixth development plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the above four indica-tors. In this regard, the question is: What is the gender gap in the 6th development program regarding indicators of economic participation, access to educational facilities, health and sur-vival and political empowerment of women? Considering the very poor ranking of Iran in the reports of international institutions regarding the gender gap, it is hypothesized that there is a deep gender gap regarding relevant global indicators, especially regarding women's political empowerment in the 6th Development program. This hypothesis is investigated by thematic analysis method.