رابطه پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی با سلامت اجتماعی سالمندان شهر تهران با میانجی گری حمایت اجتماعی خانواده (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر رابطیه بین پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی و سلامت اجتماعی سالمندان را با تأکید بر نقش میانجی گری حمایت اجتماعی خانواده بررسی می کند. برای این منظور از ترکیبی ازنظریه های علل زیربنایی لینک و فلان، نظرییه سلامت اجتماعی کییز و حمایت اجتماعی برکمن و سیم استفاده شده است. روش تحقیق پیمایش است و نمونیه آماری 400 نفر از سالمندان مناطق توسعه یافته، متوسط و کم برخوردار شهر تهران هستند که با روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای انتخاب شده اند. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار ایموس تحلیل شده و یافته ها حاکی از این است که سلامت اجتماعی پاسخ گویان با میانگین 41.24 بالاتر از حد متوسط و حمایت اجتماعی خانواده با میانگین 35.02 پایین تر از حد متوسط است. اگرچه تفاوت معناداری در سلامت اجتماعی زنان و مردان سالمند وجود ندارد؛ اما سالمندان متأهل در مقایسه با سالمندان مجرد از سلامت اجتماعی بیشتری برخوردارند. همچنین زنان سالمند از مردان سالمند و سالمندان متأهل در مقایسه با سالمندان مجرد از حمایت خانوادیه بیشتری برخوردار هستند. از میان مؤلفه های پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی، دارایی با 0.690درصد بیشترین اثر مستقیم، با 0.44درصد بیشترین اثر غیرمستقیم و 0.98درصد بیشترین اثر کلی را بر سلامت اجتماعی دارد. یافته های این پژوهش نشان می دهند که پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی و حمایت اجتماعی خانواده رابطیه معنادار و مستقیمی با سلامت اجتماعی سالمندان تهرانی دارند و ازاین رو سیاست گذاران می بایست با اتخاذ تدابیر مناسب و مداخلات هدفمند به بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی اجتماعی سالمندان به خصوص سالمندانی از پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی پایین و تقویت حمایت های خانوادگی از آنان همت گمارند.The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Social Health of the Elderly in Tehran with a Focus on the Mediating Role of Family Social Support
IntroductionDespite efforts to prioritize the physical health of the elderly in our country, there remains a significant oversight regarding the social dimensions of their well-being. This aspect is particularly vital given the increasing elderly population and the challenges they face, such as retirement, loneliness, and isolation. Social health among the elderly is not uniformly distributed; socioeconomic status and the level of family support play critical roles in influencing their social well-being. Poverty and low socioeconomic status can adversely impact various facets of social life, including access to education, income distribution, health outcomes, and utilization of healthcare services. Furthermore, the rise of nuclear families, where both parents work, along with the migration of children for education or employment, has diminished family support for the elderly. This shift distances children from their parents and affects familial relationships, leading to a decline in the roles and acceptance of elderly individuals within the family structure. As a result, many elderly people, who require support and assistance from their families, especially their children, find themselves in increasingly precarious situations. Their physical, mental, and social health is more vulnerable than ever. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the socioeconomic status of the elderly in Tehran and their social health with a focus on the mediating role of family social support. Materials & MethodsThe study population comprised all elderly individuals aged 65 and older residing in Districts 1, 6, 5, 8, 10, 7, 14, 17, and 19 of Tehran, totaling 356,060 individuals according to the Tehran Statistical Yearbook. The sample size was determined to be 400 individuals, utilizing a cluster sampling method. In this approach, the regions of Tehran were categorized into 3 groups: developed, medium, and underprivileged. This classification was based on a study titled "Ranking of Tehran Neighborhoods in Terms of Quality of Life and Prosperity Level", which employed 53 indices of quality of life and prosperity using a fuzzy TOPSIS technique. This methodology allowed researchers to classify Tehran's regions and neighborhoods according to their development status. Regions 1 and 6 were randomly selected from the developed category, Regions 5 and 8 from the medium category, and Regions 10, 7, 14, 17, and 19 from the underprivileged category requiring intervention. Approximately 133 questionnaires were allocated to each category. After randomly selecting the first region, the number of questionnaires to be distributed was determined based on the region size. If the desired number was insufficient, an additional region from the same category was randomly chosen. In the subsequent phase, neighborhoods within the selected regions were assessed for prosperity. The researcher visited the most prosperous neighborhoods in the developed regions, the average neighborhoods in the medium regions, and the least prosperous neighborhoods in the underprivileged areas, selecting 1 to 2 neighborhoods in each region to administer the questionnaires. Finally, the questionnaires were completed through convenience sampling, targeting individuals aged 65 years and above. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe results indicated that the mean social health score of the elderly was 41.24, which was above average. In contrast, the mean score for family social support was 35.02, falling below the average. The analysis revealed no significant difference in social health between male and female participants; however, married elderly individuals exhibited higher social health compared to their unmarried counterparts. Furthermore, family social support varied significantly by gender, with women receiving more support than men. Married elderly individuals also reported higher levels of family social support than those who were unmarried. Correlation coefficients demonstrated a significant relationship between income, assets, education, and occupational status with the social health of the elderly. Among the demographic variables, age and residential area were also significantly associated with social health. Structural equation modeling results indicated that, among the remaining variables in the model—namely income, assets, education, occupational status, and residential area—there was a significant relationship with social health. Notably, family social support acted as a positive mediator among these variables. The analysis showed that assets had the most substantial overall effect (both direct and indirect) on social health, accounting for 0.98%. This suggested that the more assets elderly individuals possessed, the more they perceived themselves as valuable contributors to society, leading to greater community involvement. Asset ownership also fostered a sense of belonging and connection within the community, promoting a positive outlook on life and their surroundings. Unlike income, which was typically received on a monthly or annual basis, assets provided long-term financial security, alleviating stress and anxiety about the future and enabling individuals to lead more peaceful lives. Assets could create opportunities for better education, quality healthcare, travel, business investments, and charitable endeavors. They also conferred social power and influence, aiding in crucial life decisions, such as job selection, residential choices, and social participation, ultimately enhancing social health. Therefore, supporting the preservation or acquisition of assets for the elderly could serve as an effective strategy for improving social health in policy-making.
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