دیپلماسی فرهنگی قدرت های رقیب ایران در آسیای مرکزی و چالش های پیشِ رو (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در جهانی که روابط بین الملل دائماً متحول می شود؛ دیپلماسی فرهنگی از جایگاه مهمی در سیاست خارجی کشورها برخوردار است. کشورهای منطقه آسیای مرکزی پس از فروپاشی شوروی علی رغم استقلال سیاسی نوعی ازجاکندگی فرهنگی را نیز تجربه کردند؛ به همین دلیل، این کشورها در روابط خارجی خود در سطح منطقه ای و بین المللی به دنبال یافتن هویت مستقل بوده اند که با مسئله فرهنگی این کشورها ارتباط تنگاتنگی داشته باشد. از میان دولت های منطقه، جمهوری اسلامی ایران به لحاظ فرهنگی، تاریخی و ارزشی با این کشورها از تجانس بالایی برخوردار است. درحالی که قدرت های رقیب ایران در این منطقه بیشتر به دنبال نفوذ سیاسی، اقتصادی و حتی امنیتی هستند. با در نظر گرفتن این ملاحظات، این سؤال اساسی مطرح می گردد که دیپلماسی فرهنگی ایران در آسیای مرکزی برای ارتقای منافع ملی مشترک دارای چه پتانسیل ها و چالش هایی است؟ این نوشتار به روش توصیفی-تبیینی و با بهره گیری از منابع کتابخانه ای و اینترنتی و استفاده از مفهوم دیپلماسی فرهنگی، این فرضیه را مطرح می کند که با توجه به پیشینه اشتراکات تاریخی و فرهنگی از جمله زبان، آداب و رسوم، دیپلماسی علمی و فعالیت های نهادهای فرهنگی می تواند موتور محرکه ارتقای منافع ملی متقابل میان این کشورها باشد. همچنین، دیپلماسی فرهنگی ایران از دو ناحیه ضعف عملکردی تشکیلات دیپلماسی فرهنگی ایران و فعالیت های فرهنگی برخی از قدرت های رقیب از جمله روسیه، ترکیه و اتحادیه اروپا مورد تهدید قرار گرفته است که ضمن نفوذ فرهنگی، پیوندهای فرهنگی ایران با این کشورها را در حوزه های زبان، آداب رسوم، تاریخ و هویت تحت الشعاع قرار داده است.Cultural diplomacy of Iran's rival powers in Central Asia and the Upcoming Challenges
Introdouction: Cultural diplomacy holds significant role in the foreign policy of countries within dynamic realm of international relations After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the countries of the Central Asian region, despite their political independence, have also experienced a kind of cultural displacement, they seek to find an independent identity for themselves, which is closely related to the cultural issue of these countries. Also because these countries are located in Iran's neighborhood, there exists significant potential for the realization of Iran’s cultural objectives and It has provided a good opportunity for Iran's cultural policy planners. This is while Iran's rival powers in this region are looking for political and economic influence. So that these countries have fueled the security of the region. The purpose of the research is that the Islamic Republic of Iran can neutralize the obstacles and challenges between Iran and Central Asia by using cultural diplomacy, including overcoming the security attitude in the region, Russia's sensitivity towards the region, cultural and social influence of power. regional and extra-regional influence.Methods: This article uses a qualitative and descriptive approach to analyze the content of selected data along with topic analysis. The theoretical approach of the research is based on the conceptual framework of cultural diplomacy.Research question: Considering these considerations, the question arises as to what challenges the cultural diplomacy of regional and international powers in Central Asia has created for Iran? By gathering library and internet sources and using the theory of cultural diplomacy, this article proposes the hypothesis that the cultural diplomacy of Iran's rival powers, namely the European Union, Russia, and Turkey, have faced a challenge to Iran's cultural diplomacy in several ways.Results and discussion: The findings indicate that the competing powers of Iran in Central Asia, first by promoting their language, overshadowed the linguistic culture and customs of Iran. Second, through their identification and ideologies, they seek to reduce Iran's historical links with these countries. Third, with the increase of cultural interactions, Iran's economic and political influence has faced a challenge. In this regard, it is necessary for Iran to not fall behind in the competition with other powers that have strong cultural potentials in the region, it is necessary to correct the negative perceptions of Iran in the region. Trying to strengthen the trust between the countries of the region is one of the important tasks that helps Iran in advancing its goal. Otherwise, if the wrong use of cultural tools is attempted, this opportunity may even become a threat to Iran.Conclusions: By focusing on the opportunities it has in the common cultural fields with the countries of the Central Asian region, by following up and monitoring the programs of competitors such as the European Union, Turkey and Russia, in addition to identifying the obstacles, Iran should follow their example. The solutions that are appropriate in this field can be the use of Persian language education in the future economic goals and drawing its vision for the youth of the region, the creation of specialized centers and universities for the Persian language and literature for foreign students, holding Hafez Choi ceremonies, reading the Shahnameh Regional, production of historical films, pointed out. In the field of historical commonalities of ritual relations, it is also possible to write down other rituals and register them, such as reciting dirges, traditional celebrations such as Chaharbansuri.Solutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran to strengthen cultural relations with Central Asian countries:Modeling the activities of successful countries, such as the activity of foundations such as Terxoi and Tika by TürkiyePlanning and coordinating with Iranian non-governmental organizations in order to empower them and use the potential of these organizations for the country's highest goals.Selection of successful and efficient representatives in regional organizations that prioritize the cultural issue in the regional environment.The use of Persian language in official regional circles and its use by high officials of the country.Referring to poems or even proverbs by officials in newspaper and television interviews that have Iranian roots and are also familiar to the people of the region. This causes a positive view of Iran.Library cooperation at the level of the Central Asia region and creating library networks in the region.Cooperation with regional cultural institutions is important in dynamically representing Iran in the cultural field.Using new technologies in providing cultural services to other countries, including websites and social networks such as Facebook, Telegram, and publishing cultural activities in Iran during holidays and celebrations in consulates.Iranians abroad as cultural ambassadors of Iran: Many Iranians live in the Central Asia region. Their type of clothing and language are among the issues that can create attraction for the people of the regions.Organizing poetry nights at the regional level following this ceremony in Iran and making it famous outside of Iran by Iranian literary professors and collaborating with regional poets can play an important role in increasing Iran's soft power.Targeting the sending of students in order to spread Iranian culture.Logical and professional dealing with economic and commercial activities centered on culture and its dissemination by businessmen. In other words, international businessmen should be seen as ambassadors and cultural activists abroad. Even making an Iranian dish famous in a region by financial and commercial investors (restaurant owners) and attracting capital can bring cultural attraction to Iran and in this way lead to other cultural paths and acquaintance with other Iranian cultures.Strengthening the slogan "Become your neighbor's strategic depth so that it becomes your strategic depth" and create regional security to create influence and cultural cooperation.The use of the cinema industry is considered one of the important cultural powers of any country today. Iran by investing in this field and making films about celebrities who are famous in all these countries.
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