طراحی الگو و بسته مشاوره معنوی بر پایه موضوع عشق در مثنوی معنوی مولوی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بیان مسئله: معنویّت در سال های اخیر از سازه های مثبت در سلامت روان است. بر همین اساس پژوهش حاضر، مطالعه ای بین رشته ای برای طراحی الگویی از مشاوره معنوی براساس مثنوی معنوی با موضوع عشق است. مثنوی یکی از مهم ترین منابع معنویّت در جهان براساس عرفان اسلامی است. مولانا از بزرگ ترین عارفان اسلامی است که عشق را به ژرف ترین و گسترده ترین شکل، تعریف و کاربردی کرده است. روش: این تحقیق به روش کیفی تحلیل محتوا براساس مقوله های مستخرج از مثنوی معنوی مولوی و مقالات مرتبط با معنویّت انجام شده است. کلیدواژه عرفان اسلامی و مثنوی، یعنی «عشق» استخراج (542 بیت از شش دفتر مثنوی) و در جدولی کدگذاری و مقوله بندی شد. یافته ها و نتایج: از 558 مقوله مرکزی، 67 دسته از مفاهیم مشترک بود که در سه مرحله «بیداری معنوی»، «بلوغ معنوی» (عشق) و «نمود معنوی» (ویژگی های عشق) و زیرمجموعه های مرتبط دسته بندی، و سرانجام، الگوی معنوی طراحی شد. این الگو به دلیل هماهنگی با رویکردهای فرانوین روان شناسی و انطباق بر فرهنگ و متون عرفانی می تواند نقش مهمی در رشد و تعالی انسان امروزی داشته باشد. از این الگو، دوازده جلسه درمانی به منظور بسته مشاوره معنوی نیز استخراج شد.Designing a Pattern and Package of Spiritual Counseling based on the Theme of Love in Mawlawi's Masnavi
Introduction: In recent years, spirituality has been recognized as one of the positive structures in mental health. Based on this, the current interdisciplinary research aims to design a model of spiritual counseling based on Masnavi Manavi. Masnavi is one of the most important sources of spirituality in the world based on Islamic mysticism. Rumi is one of the greatest Islamic mystics who defined and used love in its deepest and widest form.
Methods: This research was conducted using the qualitative method of content analysis based on the categories extracted from Mawlawi's Masnavi and articles related to spirituality. Considering the keywords of mysticism and Masnavi, 542 verses from six Masnavi books were extracted, coded, and classified in a table.
Findings: Out of a total of 558 central categories, there were 67 categories of common concepts, which were categorized into three stages: Spiritual Awakening, Spiritual Maturity (love), and Spiritual Manifestation (characteristics of love) along with the related subsets. Finally, the model of spirituality was designed.
Conclusion: This model can play an important role in the growth and excellence of today's humans due to its harmony with the modern approaches of psychology as well as its adaptation to mystical culture and texts. From this model, twelve therapy sessions were extracted as a package of spiritual counseling.
Introduction
In the last ten years, a wave of spirituality among psychologists has led to the introduction of spiritual therapy as an independent approach to modern therapies. Spiritual counseling is based on two important principles: one is to reach a mental life that requires the love of others, love of work, and love of belongings; and the other is to reach a spirituality that requires belief in religion, belief in oneness, and belief in change. Mysticism is a kind of intuitive and direct cognition. In Islamic mysticism, it specifically means self-knowledge and theology. Rumi is one of the Islamic mystics who is world famous for his Masnavi and other works. Masnavi along with metaphors, allegories, and stories can be one of the best spiritual resources that has been used in this research to design a model of spiritual counseling.
Materials and Methods
In the present study, a qualitative content analysis method was used to find the main components of the spiritual counseling model based on Masnavi. According to the six steps of the research, the researcher explained the research problem and its limitations and formulated the components of the model and then defined and specified the variables. In this study, purposeful sampling was used, which was obtained from Masnavi verses and spiritual counseling texts and experts in this field based on the relationship with the problem and objectives of the research. The extraction units of ‘love’ and related words were coded and categorized in the form of verses (542 verses from six Masnavi books). To name the codes, a set of concepts was used in the fields of psychology, counseling, and mysticism literature, as well as practical words and terms of experts in the relevant fields. Finally, they were summarized according to the similarities of terms and words, and the final model was designed.
Research Findings
Out of 558 central categories, 67 categories of common concepts were categorized into three spiritual stages, namely spiritual awakening, spiritual maturity (love) and spiritual manifestation (characteristics of love), and related subsets. Based on the first stage of this model, 12 treatment sessions were extracted from the proposed model as a spiritual counseling package.
The resulting model defines three spiritual stages:
1) Spiritual awakening is a set of factors that cause human ‘awareness’ and ‘insight’, which includes internal and external factors. Originality, reflection and meditation are internal factors, and the challenges of life are external factors of spiritual awakening.
2) Spiritual maturity (love) is when a person engages in self-awareness and self-improvement in the spiritual path, which includes:
Self-awareness: the choice of spiritual life,
Disillusionment: momentary separation from the connections and dependencies,
Resilience: patience in the face of difficulties,
Assignment: trusting or performing a duty and entrusting the result of work to a superior power,
Attachment: contentment or lack of inner attachment,
Sufficiency: no need for anyone and pure need or poverty for God, and
Surrender: accepting the current situation with satisfaction and satisfaction and without judgment.
3) Spiritual manifestation (characteristics of love): In Masnavi, characteristics are described for the lover and require going through the stages of self-knowledge and self-creation and reaching love, which is expressed in the attitude, behavior, and emotion of the lover. These manifestations are:
Spiritual attitude: Wisdom is the attainment of an intellect that goes beyond the rational mind that Rumi defines as ‘partial intellect’.
Integrity: The view of totalitarianism and oneness with all human beings and the whole universe, which is one of the spiritual human characteristics.
Self-expansion: The tendency to perfection, growth, and spiritual excellence that forces the spiritual man or lover to pass through the habitual self and replace the divine and spiritual characteristics.
Spiritual action: The behavior of a spiritual person in Masnavi that includes prayer, secrecy, humility, truth (honesty), righteousness, compassion, purity, commitment, and forgiveness in the form of romantic behavior.
Spiritual feeling: The refined emotions of a spiritual person that are openness, healing, and spiritual honor or self-esteem.
Discussion of Results and Conclusions
According to Abdulrahimi and Fa'ali (2016), in addition to explaining and comprehensively classifying love based on psychoanalysis, Rumi, and Eastern mysticism, lovemaking is ultimately considered to be the same as true spirituality. This model is based on the generalities of Islamic mysticism, which can transcend religious, geographical, and historical boundaries. Karimi (2004) believes that human beings today need love therapy or mystical psychotherapy based on a rich and powerful source such as Masnavi. This model also applies to many psychological approaches, including Gestalt therapy, semantics and other existential approaches, positive psychology, as well as postmodern approaches such as mindfulness therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, compassion therapy, and spiritual therapy, including Richards' integrated approach.
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