تحلیل عوامل مؤثر در توسعه ی کارآفرینی گردشگری روستایی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مطالعه ی ادبیات توسعه و برنامه ریزی روستایی نشان می دهد که مردم و جوامع روستایی باید به صورت سازمان یافته و در چارچوب تشکل های مدنی مشخص درآیند تا بتوانند از توانایی ها، استعدادها و خلاقیت های خویش به صورت مطلوب استفاده کرده و آن ها را مدیریت نمایند که این مهم در قالب کارآفرینی بروز می کند. نظر به این که گردشگری به عنوان صنعتی روبه رشد که دائماً با تغییر تقاضای بازار رو به روست، بستری مناسب برای کارآفرینی به شمار می رود و فراهم کردن زمینه ای مناسب برای توسعه ی کارآفرینی گردشگری در نواحی روستایی می تواند کمک مؤثری به توسعه ی گردشگری و توانمندسازی جوامع روستایی محسوب گردد. پژوهش حاضر به هدف شناسایی مؤثرترین عامل در توسعه ی کارآفرینی گردشگری در مناطق روستایی انجام شده که از لحاظ ماهیت و روش، توصیفی و پیمایشی و از نظر هدف در گروه پژوهش های کاربردی جای می گیرد. جامعه ی آماری تحقیق صاحبان کسب وکار و مسئولان (دهیاران و اعضای شورای اسلامی روستا) در سه روستای جلیزجند، خمده و هرانده شهرستان فیروزکوه هستند. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از ابزار پرسشنامه و به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون واریانس و آزمون تعقیبی توکی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که از دیدگاه هر دو گروه مطالعاتی (مسئولان و کارآفرینان) عامل اقتصادی با میانگین از اهمیت بیشتری در توسعه ی کارآفرینی گردشگری برخوردار است.Analysis of Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship in Rural Tourism
Extended Introduction Many rural areas worldwide , especially in developing countries , are experiencing problems caused by the recession , and stagnation ( Healing & Gerhard ,2002:2) thereby increasing the strategic challenges of everyday rural development gap between urban and rural areas ( lack of human resources, manufacturing, unemployment , low income, low productivity , poverty , rural migration (Hezarjaribi, 2005: 148).The majority of villagers complained about the living conditions and the economic environment in rural areas. According to the diversification of rural economic activities and the capacity opportunities ahead, it can strengthen rural economic development (Verheul , 2002:4 ); rural tourism entrepreneurship can particularly be grounds for sustainable rural development (Moghimi , 2004: 286 ) because of people in rural areas who can help to maximize economic returns and minimize risk bio-economic approach to sustainability in rural areas .So we can say that a new approach to the theory of entrepreneurship in rural tourism development for empowerment and capacity building in rural areas and reduce rural urban divide , creating equal economic, social , environmental, and institutional and important tool to achieve development in this context, the question could be among the factors that influence the development of tourism entrepreneurship in the region , a factor which has raised more than any other factors. Materialsand Methods The research methodology used in this study is descriptive and analytical. The purpose of this research is useful because aspect in the development of tourism jobs done. The population in this study, including business owners and officials in the villages of Jelizjand , Harandeh. Khomedehisin Firoozkooh and due to the low number of entrepreneurs and officials in the study area (n = 15), all of them were examined. To test the hypotheses, a questionnaire aimed to identify factors influencing tourism entrepreneurship development with a total of 80 items was developed and finally through the one-way ANOVA (Fisher) it was tried to identify the cause and the differences between the 4-Tuky tests to identify the scale 2 influence of each factor. Discussion and Results Based on the results of the ANOVA in determining the significant differences between the four aspects influencing the tourism entrepreneurship development , the views of respondents in both groups (officials and entrepreneurs ) , this represents the values of the P. Value significance level (Sig), with 95% confidence , the results were significant in both groups . In other words, from the perspective of both groups of respondents between the four dimensions influencing the tourism entrepreneurship development (social, economic, institutional and environmental) are different, and each of the four factors in the development of tourism entrepreneurship play a role. In the following, based on the results Tukey test the effectiveness of each of the four dimensions (economic, social, institutional and environmental) of tourism development was analyzed. Based on results obtained from a group of business owners, economic factors, average3/7133 tourism potential impact of entrepreneurship are higher. According to the results obtained from the authorities, economic factors, average 3/2467tourism entrepreneurship is higher than average. Conclusions Today, the world economy is driven by large-scale management of small scale entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship especially in small and medium businesses as a way in coping with the changing environment surrounding the economy( spruce, 2007: 2 ).A large part of economic development and prosperity of communities depends on the mechanisms in which new businesses are formed and developed(Sanobar2007 : 2 ) The results of the analysis showed that the outlook in both studies (officials and business owners) every four factors (economic, social , institutional and environmental) at the level of entrepreneurship is significantly less effective than alpha 0/05 requirements.
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