آموزه های حقوقی گواه

Determine the law governing the capacity foreigners residing in countries, is one of the most important issues of private international law that, the adjudicating authority is facing with it. Present article has tried to use the principles of conflict of laws, for Offer a good solution, for determine the law governing the capacity foreigners residing in Iran. To achieve this subject, suggested that use of the division of foreigners into the following three categories: Aliens have the nationality of a foreign country, Aliens have dual nationality, Aliens without nationality. Then, with the using the content of Article 7 of the Civil Code -As a general rule- and the exceptions to it, determined the law governing the capacity each of the aliens named.

In our jurisprudential and legal system, the concept of finance has special importance, and appears well in the debates on the ownership and property rights, general rules of contracts and civil liability, because talking about the concept of property in property rights, the finance on traded property in material terms, being the properties of the damaged item in deal item for the indemnification of the indemnity, are intertwined with the financial argument. In this paper, looking to the future to realize the current property, new approach about the concept of finance will be discussed, that has so far not been taken into consideration by juristics independently. In this regard, the confronted question is whether the property in future can be related to the present property or not? By studying legal and juridical sources, it can be claimed that the property in future can be accepted in our legal system as a kind of property if accompanied by property elements which has legal effects

Free access to information is one of the most essential tools for promoting transparency and improving governance. Among the various types of information, budget information is becoming more important because it contains the content of the most important financial document of the country, and access to such information is one of the most important indicators of transparency in the budget. Different countries have designed mechanisms in their legal system in order to realize this concept.Regarding the importance of this issue, the main question of the present study is what mechanisms exist for the realization of the right of access to budget information in the legal system of Iran and the European Union?In the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the publication of the primary budget bill, changes in the parliament, the views of the Guardian Council and, ultimately, the publication of the budget law and the report of the liquidation of the Court of Auditors, are the most important mechanisms that have not fully ascertain, the right to access budgetary information. In the EU, most of the information and documentation on budgeting and its implementation is available online and transparently in the central database and national websites. However, there is no unique access point to which all documents and budget data are centralized or standardized.This research has been done through descriptive-analytical method and the most important result is that existing mechanisms require more coherence and evolution, and the relevant institutions should take effective steps in this direction.

Not knowing permanent wedlock requirement and the following insert of some of the conditions completely, the subject to the evidence of the necessity of fulfillment to no reproduction condition of permanent wedlock. At first, the meaning of wedlock, its aspects and influences have been focused to review the inaccuracy or accuracy of no reproduction condition in permanent wedlock and the result has been achieved is that wedlock in terms of Sharia, is the truth of marriage, although in terms of word, it means mating and considering the mentioned influences and blessing about marriage, wedlock can’t be one-dimensional and can’t just be ruled for quenching lust and to give birth to someone. In the following, with the help of juridical foundation, law and judicial procedure, the result has been achieved is that this condition is not unlike wedlock requirement, illegitimate and foreclosure totally because the purpose and ultimacy of marriage is to reach different affairs and giving birth is not just the exclusive purpose of marriage but is the influence of marriage. In addition, law hasn’t prohibited such condition and aforementioned condition is not unlike good behavior and public discipline but is the exact respect for free will of human beings in the frame of public discipline.

One of the most dangerous offenses that, due to its specific characteristics, threatens the economic, social, and even political security of the society, is the organized crime that, as the advancement of science and technology on the global arena, manifests itself in new forms. Of the newest types of organized crime that has roots in almost all countries, It would be referred to organized smuggling. Organized smuggling includes drugs trafficking and different kinds of goods and currencies. The criminal groups are using the powerful tools and influence of official departments of the society and their corruption, allocate themselves a very high volume of smuggling goods and currencies. Legislator of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the approval of the “Anti- Smuggling Goods and Currencies Act “ and the Islamic Penal Code 1392, An important step was taken to deal with the perpetrators of organized crime, especially smuggling of goods and currency. This Act does not consider organizing as a factor in the crime of smuggling goods and currency, but also has been identified as an independent crime under the name of organized smuggling and coping with it.

and specifying its sanction system. One of the guarantees of the superior rule's compliance with the executive power's decisions is the parliament speaker’s supervisory authority according to Article 85 & 138 of the Constitution. The constituent parts of the legal hierarchy in our country are the holy Islam, the Constitution, the parliament rules and the governmental decisions respectively. This kind of review is non-judicial and is next to the administrative justice court and is done by a specific commission by reviewing and comparing governmental decisions with superior laws. This review has some differences from other supervision structures in bases, subjects, scope and sanctions and its absence of unity has caused criticism against its legal and logical validity. Through the general rules of the public law, we have analyzed the topic, criterions of evaluation, guarantees and the effects of this review and finally by a pathological analysis and comparison of that with the French legal system we were led to the usefulness of this kind of review of decisions of the executive power in our legal system, but about its form and quality, by noting the defects and present inefficiencies, we reached to the necessity of transforming this kind of supervisory authority from the person-centered form to the structure-based and systematic review.