محمد مولایی

By using the household data on food consumption, income and other social indicators including activity status, age, literacy, place of residence employment, and marital status, this paper aims to investigate the transitory impact of temporary and permanent income shocks on food consumption in Iran over the period 2009-2014. To study the deterministic effects of the household on food consumption and income, firstly, an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method is used to estimate the impact of some Iranian social characteristics on households’ income and food consumption. Then, the variance– covariance structure of income and food consumption processes is utilized, which has described by the Permanent-Temporary model (PT) to identify the characterizing parameters, which link the behavior of consumption and income to estimate the consumption-smoothing parameters. The results indicate that there is nearly complete food consumption smoothing against temporary and permanent income shocks throughout the sample period. Moreover, households’ social indicators have significant effects on their food consumption, income levels, and insurance opportunities.

One of the features of a financial market, the stock market, in particular, is the market sentiment which is the overall attitude of investors toward a particular security or financial market. Investors always seek to create a portfolio with minimum risk while maintaining the expected return level. Therefore, perceiving the relationship between the stock returns and markets returns can be helpful for investors to create an optimal portfolio. On this basis, the present study aims at investigating the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) between the returns on the domestic markets (industry stock market and exchange rate) and foreign markets using monthly data of oil and base metals including total metals, copper, steel and returns on the stock price index in Iran during March 2001 to April 2017 using the Dynamic Conditional Correlation Fractionally Integrated Asymmetric Power ARCH (DCC-FIAPARCH) approach. The obtained results indicate a statistically significant and positive DCC coefficient between metals, industrial products, and copper returns with the stocks returns. Consequently, it is not possible to put each of these assets with the stocks in an identical situation (purchase or sale), but instead they should be always situations for risk control. However, in connection with other markets, DCC is not significant; accordingly, assets can be placed in the investment portfolio together with the stocks.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) as a growth accelerating component has received a great attention in developed countries even in developing and less developed countries during recent years. It has a matter of greater concern for the economists how FDI affects economic growth of the host country economy. In closed economy there is no access to the foreign instruments and savings, this type of economy solely based on the domestic savings and investment sources. But in open economy, the investment comes from both sources either from domestic savings or foreign capital inflows like FDI. FDI enables the host country to achieve the investment level beyond its capacity to improve GDP and economic growth.  FDI encourages the process of economic growth by filling up the saving-investment gap; transferring advanced technology, new entrepreneurship. This study investigates the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on economic growth in 30 Islamic countries. The econometric model is estimated by using Pooled Mean Group (PMG) for dynamic heterogeneous panels over the period 1992-2018.  The results of the study show that FDI inflows have positive and significant effects on economic growth. Of course, the impacts of interaction terms between FDI and human capital; FDI, and trade openness on economic growth are more than each of them separately in the long and short run.  The study suggests that the Islamic governments should design and implement appropriate fiscal, monetary and trade policies to make and improve an enabling environment to attract foreign Capital inflows as a supplementary source of domestic investment.