معرّفی نسخه خطّی «سَبع سَنابِل» اثر عبدالواحد محمد بلگرامی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نسخ خطی دربردارنده اطلاعات تاریخی، ادبی و عرفانی ارزشمندی برای پژوهشگران ادبی است. به طور خاص، یکی از این نسخ (با توجه به دو نسخه مورد استناد) اثر ارزشمند «سَبع سَنابِل» عبدالواحد محمد بلگرامی (م: 912ه.ق؟ یا 915ه.ق؟) با موضوع عرفان و تصوف و شرح احوال صوفیان هندوستان است. در پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی سعی بر آن شده است تا شرحی مُصحِّح و مُنَقَّح از نسخ مذکور و محتوای این اثر برای علاقه مندان فراهم آید. «سَبع سَنابِل» اثر میرعبدالواحد بلگرامی، منثور و شامل هفت سنبله به زبان پارسی، با محتوای عارفانه و شیوه ای استادانه و روان است. نثر این اثر ساده و در قسمت هایی مسجع است. غالب ابیات به کار رفته در متن، سروده مؤلف است. نویسنده در این اثر ضمن بیان عقاید خود، حکایاتی نغز و ناب را در موضوعات گوناگون عرفانی آورده و اصول عقاید خود را با آوردن آیات و احادیث مستحکم کرده است. بررسی دقیق این اثر، انعکاس هرچه بیشتر اصول عقاید عرفانی بلگرامی، همراه با نکات است؛ ازجمله آنکه صوفی مُتَخلِّق به اخلاق حسنه همچون محبت، بشاشت، شجاعت، اغماض و... است.Introducing the manuscript of Saba Sanabel by Abdul Wahed Mohammad Belgrami
Manuscripts contain valuable historical, literary, and mystical information for literary scholars. In particular, one of these manuscripts (with reference to the two cited manuscripts) is the valuable work of Saba Sanabel by Abdul Wahed Muhammad Belgrami (d. 912 AH or 915 AH?) On the subject of mysticism and Sufism and the description of the Sufis of India. In the present research, a descriptive-analytical method has been tried to provide a corrected and revised description of the mentioned version and the content of this work for those who are interested. "Saba Sanabel" is the work of Mir Abdul Wahed Belgrami, a prose and includes seven spikes in Persian, with mystical content, and masterful and fluent methods. The prose of this work is simple and, in some parts, concise. Most of the verses used in the text of the poem are the author. In this work, the author, while expressing his beliefs, has brought pure anecdotes in various mystical subjects and has strengthened the principles of his beliefs by quoting verses and hadiths. A careful study of this work is a reflection of the principles of Belgrami mystical beliefs as much as possible, along with newly discovered points, such as the fact that a Sufi is created with good morals such as love, good fortune, courage, forgiveness ...
Introduction
A) Introduction of the author of "Saba Sanabel": In this article, an attempt is made to introduce the editions of "Saba Sanabel" by Abdolvahed Mohammad Belgrami and provide the necessary description and provide an introduction about the life and writing style of the author.
His full name is Mir Abdul Wahed Sayyid Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Qutbuddin Ibn Mahr Ibn Shah Biden, who died in the year 912 AH. Or 915 AH. In the country of India, the region of Belgram was born. (Manzavi, 1365: 1542) His religion was Hanafi and his mystical mashrab was Cheshtia. The lineage of Abdul Wahed Belgrami is conveyed to Hazrat Sajjad and Imam Hussein. His nickname is a witness. He is considered to have virtues, perfections, austerity and worship. In his description, it is stated that he had the morality of Marzieh and the attributes of Razieh. His father's name was Ibrahim Ibn Khatib. His main homeland is Belgram; While some of his ancestors migrated to the town of Bari Bārī, he came to Belgrade and remained there. His devotion to Seyyed Hossein is staggering. Abdul Wahed Belgrami has said the following about his master in Saba Sanabel: "And this poor man is a follower of Makhdoom Sheikh Safi and he has the caliphate from Makhdoom Sheikh Hussein and Sheikh Hussein was one of the caliphs of Makhdoom Sheikh Safi. The story of Sheikh Hussein's servant is as follows: that first he was the wealthy owner of the machine. The shooting and ball-making industries and other trades had a perfection that the kings knew; Suddenly the divine providence came and cleansed them from worldly pollution; They overthrew all the means of the world and became absolute servants who had nothing left in their hearts except the love of God Almighty and the intention to follow the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). In that case, many Kharijites were issued from them and they found information about the pronouns of the people. They traveled around the world for several years with the intention of growing old to follow the path of God Almighty. They paid attention to every dervishes they saw and every sheikh they found; "After a short time it became clear that he was empty of time, he was dying." (Page 49 version A; pages 0391 and 0392 version B) He has works and works in facts and knowledge; Among them: Indian truths and the solution of doubts and sufficient explanation to the non-stop discussion which has taken it to the meanings of Sufism and the description of Nuzha al-Arwah and Saba Sanabel in Sufism. It is mentioned in the memoirs of Indian scholars that Akbarshah asked him to bow down completely and a land in Suyrgāl (1) Suyrgāl had mercy on him. The author of Nafais al-Mathir has considered him one of the great Ghonoj. From his poems, the view of mango and melon has a sweet and savory taste. Omar Belgrami was more than one hundred years old and his death occurred on the third Friday of Ramadan in the year one thousand and seventeen AH in Belgram and he was buried there (see Abdul Shakur Rivani, 2012, vol. 1: 171-170).
B) About Belgram: The author of Saba Sanabel was born in the city of Belgram. The Great Islamic Encyclopedia describes Telegram as follows: The Muslims came (409 AH / 1018 AD), but it did not take long for the Hindus to conquer the city again due to the weakness of the Ghaznavid rule in India ... Who immigrated to India after the fall of Baghdad by the Mongol Hulagu Khan. Among these Sadats are Mir Jalil al-Din Belgrami (d. 1138 AH / 1726 AD) and Mir Gholam Ali Azad Belgrami (d. 1116-1200 AH). His grandson Amir Haidar Hosseini, the author of the book Akbari Accidents, can also be mentioned. It is said that Aurangzeb likened Sadat Belgram to the pulpit, which can neither be sold nor burned ... "(The Great Islamic Encyclopedia, vol. 12: 495) Is; "They surpassed their rivals in all walks of life, the Ottoman and Persian sheikhs. In history, they became known for their grace, science, writing, poetry, and good administration. The most prominent of them are: Abdul Wahed Belgrami, author of Saba Sanabel; Abdul Jalil Belgrami; His son Mohammad, nicknamed the "poet"; Gholam Ali Azad; Amir Haidar, granddaughter of Azad Belgrami and author of Akbari Accidents; Seyed Ali Belgrami And his older brother, Sayyid Hussein Belgrami, known as Emad al-Mulk, the first Indian Muslim to become a member of the Indian Muslim Council. Seyyed Morteza Zabidi, the author of the Crown of the Bride, was also a resident of Belgrade” (Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, vol. 4: 1998).
C) Appearance characteristics of "Saba Sanabel": The joint list of Pakistan has described Saba Sanabul as follows: 2- Aging and discipleship and its truth and nature; 3- Leaving contentment, trust and laziness; 4- Their dervishes and the good morals of their dervishes; 5- Fear and hope; 6- The truths of unity and the emergence of the effects of knowledge and love; 7- Miscellaneous. ”Has been written (Manzavi, 1986: 1542). He writes at the beginning of version A (the version of the library of the Majlis): "Using and obtaining food, not in the form of betrayal and eavesdropping." (Version A, page 5) At the end of the seventh September, the title of the chapter reads: Judge Hamid al-Din Naguri did not write a treatise on the definition of the Khajagans, and called it "Sir al-Mashaykh", and I will bring this poor little by little here, then seventeen garlic Reminds: 1- The first journey in the definition of Imam Ali; 2- In the definition of Khajeh Hassan Basri; 3- Khwaja Abdul Wahed,; 4- Khajeh Fazil Ayaz; 5- Khajeh Ibrahim Balkhi; 6- Khajeh Hudhaifa Marashi; 7- Khajeh Hibreh Basri; 8- Khajeh Alavi Dinuri; 9- Khajeh Boashaq Shami; 10- Khwaja Qudwa al-Din Abu Ahmad Farshaneh; 11- Khajeh Naser al-Din Abu Mohammad Cheshti; 12- Khawaja Naser al-Din Abu Yusuf Chishti; 13- Khwaja Qutbuddin Maudood Cheshti; 14- Khajeh Haji Sharif Zandani; 15- Khajeh Osman Harouni; 16- Khwaja Moinuddin Cheshti; 17- In the definition of Khajeh Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki. (Version A, pp. 140-121; Version B, pp. 0478-0458) Mahmoud Nazari knows the date of writing the work according to the mention of Abdul Wahed Belgrami in the original version (969 AH) (Nazari, 1391: 31). Abdul Wahed Mohammad Belgrami's connection with the great mystics of his time and his step towards Sufism led to the introduction of Sufi thoughts and mystical thoughts in most of his works. In these works, both in terms of words and in terms of concepts, the spirit of mysticism is manifested, because Belgrami has tasted mysticism in practice and has been following the path of mysticism. Although this work was written in Persian, the author has used Urdu poetry in a few limited places. The format of the poems used in this work is Masnavi, pieces and quatrains.
1.1. Research methodology
Saba Sanabel is a valuable work by Belgrami belonging to the second half of the tenth century AH, which has remained unknown until now. The purpose of this research is to identify and introduce the valuable work of "Saba Sanabel" Abdolvahed Mohammad Belgrami (AD: 912 AH or 915 AH) by descriptive-analytical method. This work on the subject of mysticism, Sufism and monotheism is a detailed description of the elders of the Tarighat and Sufis of India.
Conclusion
Saba Sanabel Manuscript is a valuable work by Abdolvahed Belgrami with a mystical structure and biography of the elders of the path. The writing of Saba Sanabel is influenced by the doctrinal principles of his old Maulana Hussein and Judge Hamid al-Din Naguri, the author of the treatise Sir al-Mashaykh on the definition of the Khajagans of Chesht. He is credited with Sadat Belgram, who is known in Indian history for his grace, science, writing, and good administration.
Considering the described version, the Majlis version and the library version of the University of Tehran have been selected as two citationable manuscripts. The prose of the book is simple and, in some parts, and the author has used many verses and hadiths according to the text. Most of the verses used in the text are the author's poem and in the form of Masnavi, the piece and the person. Masnavi format is more widely used than other formats in this collection. It is worth mentioning that the author of Urdu poems is also mentioned in the text. This work has been translated into Urdu by Mufti Mohammad Khalil Khal Barakati in Pakistan.
The seven anecdotes of Sanabel can be considered as a subgroup of parable anecdotes. These anecdotes are all sweet and about the behavior and character of Sufis, especially the nobles and elders of Chishti. Abdul Wahed Belgrami in Saba Sanabel tries to express the way and principles of Sufi beliefs and religions. In his view, leaving the world with contentment, trust and perseverance is the attainable and ultimate way for the seeker to reach the truth of unity with the emergence of the effects of knowledge and love.
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