مفهوم شهر هوشمند: مرور نظام مند تعاریف شهر هوشمند با استفاده از روش تحلیل مفهوم تکاملی راجرز (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تاکنون تلاش های گوناگونی برای روشن ساختن مفهوم «شهر هوشمند» شده است اما روشن ساختن مسائل مفهومی آن با استفاده از روشی نظام مند یک ضرورت است. در این تحقیق، پرسش از مفهوم شهر هوشمند، پرسشی ست نظری از چیستی این مفهوم در تعاریف ارائه شده در ادبیات نظری برای واضح سازی این مفهوم با استفاده از روش تحلیل مفهوم تکاملی راجرز. بدین ترتیب با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای جهت دار، بر پایه عناصر ساختاری ارائه شده در روش تحلیل مفهوم تکاملی راجرز (پیش آیندها، ویژگی ها و پس آیندهای مفهوم)، کدگذاری داده ها و شناسایی مقوله ها در محتوای 99 تعریف شهر هوشمند انجام شده است. شناسایی پیش آیندهای مفهوم در تعاریف، مبین آن است که اگرچه مفهوم شهر هوشمند به شدت تحت تأثیر فضای مه آلود و پرهیاهوی بازار فنّاوری است ولیکن اکنون از مسیرهای تعیین شده توسط شرکت های عرضه کننده فنّاوری کمتر سخن گفته می شود و بیشتر بر زمینه و چشم انداز در توسعه این مفهوم تأکید می شود. وجه مشخصه اکثر تعاریف، تمایل به مشخص کردن ویژگی های عام عملکردی (اقتصاد، مردم، حکمروایی و ...) هوشمند برای شهر است و عینیّت یافتن ویژگی های ساختاری و عملکردی شهر هوشمند، عمدتاً با سه نتیجه – کیفیت زندگی، پایداری و بهینه سازی فرایندها - مرتبط دانسته شده است. تکامل مفهوم شهر هوشمند، تابع هم آفرینی فنّاوری طی فرایند مشارکت همدلانه شهروندان است تا نقش شهروندان از «سوژه های داده» متخصصان فنّی به عاملیتی توانمند در هوشمند کردن شهرها ارتقاء یابد.Smart City Concept: A Systematic Review of the Smart City Definitions Using Rodgers’ Evolutionary Concept Analysis
Even though Garden City was invented in response to the unsanitary conditions of cities to improve the quality of life by combining the city with the countryside at the beginning of the 20th century, the early third millennium concept of Smart City (SC) aimed at addressing human-induced global climate change and urbanization challenges, with the belief that the quality of life in cities can be improved by integrating information and communication technologies. In general, despite many efforts to clarify and disambiguate the concept of a SC in the literature review, there remains a paucity of evidence on understanding "what is a Smart City?" to delineate the conceptual capabilities of the SC for urban policymaking. Hence, the question is addressed by data coding as well as the identification of categories in the content of 99 definitions of SC based on the analyzing method of Rogers' Evolutionary Concept (REC). Identifying the antecedents of the SC concept within such definitions shows that it is strongly influenced by the fuzzy and noisy atmosphere of the technology market. However, nowadays the clear paths set by the technology companies are less discussed and more emphasis is placed on the context and perspective in the development of this concept. The main characteristic of most of the resources related to the analysis and development of the concept of the SC is their tendency to search for common functional features (smart economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, and life) by focusing on novel and advanced technologies that would gain widespread acceptance (as they do). In general terms, the concept is composed of three components based on the definitions: conditions, characteristics, and results. Technology, community, institution, and context are factors or conditions that determine the characteristics of a SC. Such characteristics include two basic dimensions: functional and structural. System search and systematization in SC are based on structural features, i.e., a digital structure (platform) for organizing functions, services, and interactions in space. The objectifying functional characteristics are dependent on structural characteristics (instrumented, interconnected, and intelligent). The functional improvement of the city as a consequence of focusing on new information and communication technologies contributes to these expected results: improving the quality of life, sustainability, and optimization of processes (i.e., efficiency). Considering the evolutionary road of the SC concept, the main question would be how we can move up the role of citizens from "technicians' data subjects" to "enabled agents". The expression "SC" refers to cities that benefited from technological changeability. While the technology tends to be only one bombastic item of structural elements, it is evident that other players, more specifically citizens, will play a significant role in developing the SC concept in the literature - though it is influenced by the companies' narrative. The inclusion of words such as citizens/people/city dwellers in the new definitions does not imply the characteristics of the concept are changed, instead, it refers to a different expression of the previous technological concept. The main argument is that specialists and managers need a comprehensive understanding of the big picture of social arenas and dynamics for the "participatory smartening of cities".