بهزیستی اجتماعی سالمندان در فضای باز عمومی شهری؛ نمونه مورد مطالعه: بوستان مصلی و پیاده راه شیخ صفی شهر اردبیل (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پیش بینی های علمی بیانگر افزایش قابل توجه جمعیت سالمندان در سال های پیش ِرو بوده و بر لزوم توجه به نیازهای متنوع و زندگی اجتماعی آنها تأکید می کند. عدم توجه به نیازهای اجتماعی سالمندان، پتانسیل سالمندان را برای مشارکت در جامعه محدود می کند. مطالعات موجود اغلب به نیازهای کالبدی سالمندان پرداخته و در زمینه نیازهای اجتماعی آنها (به ویژه در فضاهای عمومی )کمبود مطالعات مشهود است. هدف تحقیق ارزیابی عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر بهزیستی اجتماعی سالمندان در کالبد فضاهای عمومی شهری در نمونه موردی تحقیق بود. این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی _ تحلیلی است که در بوستان مصلی و پیاده راه شیخ صفی در شهر اردبیل طی دو مرحله انجام شد. در مرحله نخست تعداد 47 عامل کالبدی درپنج شاخص دسته بندی گردید و 50 نفر از متخصصان معماری عوامل کالبدی مؤثر بر بهزیستی اجتماعی را در دو نمونه موردی تحقیق مقایسه نمودند. در مرحله دوم 74 نفر از سالمندان حاضر به پرسشنامه استاندارد بهزیستی اجتماعی Keyes دارای پنج شاخص پاسخ دادند. در نهایت داده های به دست آمده در نرم افزار26 SPSS آنالیز گردید. در مرحله نخست آزمون ناپارامتریک ویلکاکسون برای مقایسه عوامل کالبدی بین دو نمونه موردی انجام شد. عوامل کالبدی در پیاده راه شیخ صفی نسبت به بوستان مصلی دارای وضعیت مطلوب تری است و در مرحله دوم آزمون کاکران_ منتل_ هانزل برای به دست آوردن میزان اثر پذیری بهزیستی اجتماعی سالمندان از عوامل کالبدی در نمونه های موردی انجام گردید. طبق نتایج، سالمندان در پیاده راه شیخ صفی از بهزیستی اجتماعی بهتری برخوردارند. یافته ها نشان داد، کیفیت عوامل کالبدی و بهبود این عوامل در فضای باز منجر به تأثیر مثبت در بهزیستی اجتماعی سالمندان می گردد.Social Well-being of Elderly people in Public Urban Open Spaces (Case Study: Mosalla Park and Sheikh Safi Sidewalk in Ardabil City)
Highlights:
- Physical and safety considerations alone are insufficient to enhance the quality of life for the elderly.
- Urban spaces adapted to the needs of the elderly positively impact social well-being.
- Improved social well-being fosters increased social interactions and participation.
- Elderly-friendly cities align most effectively with the preferences and requirements of the elderly.
- Enhancing social well-being reduces medical costs associated with chronic diseases in the elderly.
Introduction:
Scientific projections predict a significant increase in the elderly population in the coming years, emphasizing the need to address their diverse needs and social interactions. This demographic shift necessitates urban spaces that evolve to support the well-being and productivity of the elderly. The economic and social implications of an aging population underscore the importance of attending to the social needs of the elderly, as neglect limits their social participation and diminishes their overall quality of life. Research indicates that maintaining an active lifestyle and regular social interactions can significantly contribute to preventing dementia. While existing studies often focus on the physical needs of the elderly in public spaces, insufficient attention has been given to their social needs, particularly in urban settings. This study aims to assess the impact of environmental and physical factors on the social well-being of the elderly in urban public spaces, using Mosalla Park and Sheikh Safi Sidewalk in Ardabil City as a case study.
Theoretical Framework:
The concept of active aging, initially centered on maintaining health and productivity through physical activity, has evolved to emphasize personal decisions, independence, and increased quality of life for the elderly. "Active aging" involves participation in social, economic, and civic life to maintain well-being, emphasizing opportunities for meaningful activities that facilitate independence. The World Health Organization highlights the crucial role of urban public spaces and social factors, in addition to genetics and personal characteristics, in determining the health and well-being of individuals. Elderly-friendly cities are those where the distribution of public facilities aligns most closely with the preferences and limitations of the elderly.
Methodology:
This descriptive-analytical study employed both library research and surveys to collect necessary information. The research was conducted in two stages at Mosalla Park and Sheikh Safi Sidewalk in Ardabil, Iran. Physical factors were classified, and a researcher-made questionnaire was utilized to gather expert opinions on the impact of these factors on social well-being. Subsequently, elderly participants answered the Keyes standard social well-being questionnaire. Data from both stages were analyzed using SPSS 26 software.
Results and Discussion:
Comparison of physical factors between the two case samples, assessed through the Wilcoxon non-parametric test, revealed that Sheikh Safi Sidewalk exhibited more favorable conditions than Mosalla Park. The Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test demonstrated a positive correlation between physical factors and social well-being in the elderly, with Sheikh Safi Sidewalk participants reporting better social well-being. Notably, "Footpaths with a slope of less than 5%" emerged as the most influential factor affecting the social well-being of the elderly.
Conclusion:
The study emphasizes the need for planners and designers to reconsider physical criteria, particularly those related to the architecture and design of urban spaces, to enhance the social well-being of the elderly. Collaboration between social health advocates, urban designers, and architects is crucial to formulate policies and strategies that address the needs of the elderly, promoting their active involvement in social life and reducing the medical costs associated with chronic diseases.
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