تبیین نقش عوامل جغرافیایی و مولفه های ژئوپلیتیکی در شکل گیری روابط ژئوپلیتیک (با رویکردی انتقادی و نو) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
روابط بین بازیگران سیاسی در نظام جهانی از عوامل گوناگونی متأثر است. بررسی نظریات اندیشمندان مختلف حاکی از آن است که روابط قدرتها و کشورها براساس متغیرهای زیادی شکل می گیرد. عناصر جغرافیایی و ژئوپلیتیکی از بسترهای مهم شکل گیری روابط ژئوپلیتیک،در سطوح منطقه ای،فرامنطقه ای و جهانی هستند، لذا اهمیت روابط ژئوپلیتیکی در پیشبرد اهداف و سیاستهای کشورها و مناطق جغرافیایی انکار ناپذیر است چون نحوه تأثیر گذاری و بهره مندی کشورها از تحولات پیرامونی خود، علاوه بر قدرت ملی و اوضاع منطقه ای آنها، تا میزان بسیار زیادی مبتنی بر واقعیت های جغرافیایی و ژئوپلیتیکی، نوع روابط و کیفیت تعاملات آنها با سایر بازیگران بستگی دارد. با توجه به چنین اهمیتی، مقاله حاضر با روش تحلیلی-تبیینی و رویکرد انتقادی، ضمن بیان مولفه های موجود در نظریات ذکر شده، به دنبال شناسایی و بررسی کارکرد عوامل جغرافیایی و ژئوپلیتیکی جدید در شکل گیری انواع روابط ژئوپلیتیکی و ارائه مدل جامع برای تبیین الگو روابط ژئوپلیتیک است،جهت شناسایی این مولفه ها و تببین مدل جامع برای ارائه الگوی روابط ژئوپلیتیک، نظریه های اندیشمندان گوناگون(دوازده اندیشمند) که در زمان های مختلف بیان شده است مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت که مشخص شد حداقل بیش از ده شاخص در شکل دهی روابط ژئوپلیتیک در سطوح منطقه ای،پیرامونی و جهانی،موثر هستند، نتایج یافته های پژوهش بیانگر این نکته است که عوامل متنوعی در شکل گیری روابط ژئوپلیتیک نقش دارند که علاوه بر شرایط جغرافیایی و ژئواستراتژیکی، بر مولفه های ژئواکونومیک،ژئوپلیتیک منابع،ژئوپلیتیک هویت،ژئوپلیتیک گردشگری، جهانی شدن و ژئوپلیتیک فضای مجازی، بین مناطق و کشورها تأکید دارند.Explaining the role of geographical factors and geopolitical components in shaping geopolitics relations(with a critical and new approach)
Extended IntroductionRelationship between countries in the world system is affected by various factors. The study of the theories of different thinkers, suggests that the relationship between powers and states is formed by based on many components and variables. In the meantime Geographical and geopolitical elements are important substrates for the formation of geopolitics relations at regional, trans-regional and global levels, Therefore the importance of geopolitical relations in advancing the goals and policies of countries and geographical areas is undeniable Because how countries and powers influence and benefit from their peripheral developments, in addition to their national power and their regional situation, depends largely on the geographical and geopolitical realities, the type of relationships and the quality of their interactions with other actors. The present research has two theoretical and applied goals. The theoretical goal is to increase knowledge and contribute to the theorizing field of political Geography and geopolitical knowledge studies And Its most important practical purpose is also to help to compile a practical analytical-theoretical model regarding geopolitical relations in regional, trans-regional and global scales. MethodologyThis article is a fundamental and developmental theory in terms of nature and is descriptive - analytical in terms of content. The required information has been collected using the library method (books, articles and treatises) and its conclusions have been made in a qualitative and inferential method. Results and DiscussionMany factors play a role in the formation of geopolitical relations, in order to identify these components and explain the comprehensive model to present the model of geopolitical relations, the theories of various thinkers (twelve thinkers) expressed at different times were evaluated. it was found that at least more Of the ten indicators, they are effective in shaping geopolitical relations at the regional, peripheral and global levels. In the proposed theories of geopolitical relations in various scales, one or more geographical and geopolitical components have been emphasized and are basically uniaxial, while various elements have an influence on the formation and evolution of different types of geopolitical relations. Under the influence of the three main elements of geopolitical relations, namely: geography, politics and power, certain patterns of geopolitical relations (interactive, competitive, confrontational, continuity, influence and dominance) are formed in various regional, extra-regional and global scales. Among the mentioned levels, the regional level is more important. Among the mentioned models: interactive, competitive relations, dominance relations, influence relations, are the result of the thoughts of experts in different eras, and the geopolitical stability and continuity relation is one of the achievements of the present research. In this article, the effective components in creating geopolitical relations have been identified in the relevant theories. Although these factors still play a role in the formation of geopolitical relations, they are more focused on the centrality of conflict, tension, geopolitical crises and geopolitics of war, and in fact, it is a classic and traditional view of geopolitical relations. While the geopolitical factors of relations should be in agreement with the current conditions of the regional and global geopolitical system and be a comprehensive model to explain the pattern of geopolitical relations of countries. ConclusionIn the current research, in addition to reviewing and criticizing past theories and research related to geopolitical relations, a new model was proposed in geopolitical relations, and new factors and components in the formation of relations were identified. The results of the research findings indicate that new factors and elements are involved in the formation of geopolitics relations Which in addition to geographical and geostrategic conditions The is on the geoeconomic components, geopolitics of resource, geopolitics of identity, geopolitics of tourism, geopolitics of globalization and the geopolitics of cyberspace between regions and countries emphasize.
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