بازخوانی اینیاگرامی شخصیت شیرین در منظومه "شیرین و خسرو" امیر خسرو دهلوی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
شخصیت از مهم ترین عناصر ادبی به شمار می رود. شاعران و نویسندگان همواره می کوشیدند با پردازش دقیق شخصیت ها، قدرت هنری خویش را به نمایش بگذارند. «شیرین»، قهرمان منظومه عاشقانه «شیرین و خسرو» امیرخسرو دهلوی، از مهم ترین شخصیت های تاریخی- ادبی است که روایت های متعددی از شخصیت وی موجود است. از آنجا که روایت های متعدد و متنوع شخصیت «شیرین» در بازنمایی اندیشه های متفاوت راوی آن مؤثر است و به درک بهتر اثر کمک می کند، این جستار با کاربست نظریه انیاگرام، به بررسی شخصیت وی می پردازد. انیاگرام دانش مهمی است که حاصل عرفان شرقی و روان شناسی مدرن است و در پی ترسیم روابط پیچیده انسان هاست و امروزه به مثابه یک الگوی مهم در نظام های آموزش و پرورش، مدیریت های اجتماعی، ورزشی و آموزش والدین کاربرد دارد تا براساس آن تیپ شخصیتی افراد مرتبط بازشناسی شود و در مناسبت های مختلف رفتار متناسب با آن شخصیت در پیش گرفته شود. این جستار یک پژوهش بین رشته ای است و روش انجام آن به شیوه توصیفی، تحلیلی و تطبیقی است. ابتدا مبانی نظری انیاگرام براساس منابع کتابخانه ای به دقت شناخته و معرفی شده، سپس با بررسی و تحلیل متن، ویژگی های برجسته شخصیت «شیرین» در روایت امیرخسرو دهلوی در «شیرین و خسرو» استخراج و تجزیه و تحلیل شده و در پایان این ویژگی ها با الگوهای نه گانه انیاگرامی تطبیق داده شده است. این پژوهش در پی پاسخگویی به این پرسش است که شخصیت شیرین با کدام یک از تیپ های نه گانه انیاگرام مطابقت دارد؟ به طور کلی با بررسی شخصیت «شیرین» که فردی جذاب، شکاک و وفادار است، می توان شباهت او را از میان تیپ های نه گانه انیاگرام با تیپ شش دریافت.Enneagram Reconsideration of Shirin’s character in Amir Khosrow Dehlavi’s ‘Shirin & Khosrow’ Poetry
The characters are the most important elements of a story for understanding the romantic fiction. Different narratives of a story may represent different images and explanations for its characters and impact on narrator’s diverse ways of thinking; it also helps to understand the reason of different feedbacks to each narrative. The enneagram as an important knowledge seeking its root in the combination of oriental mystic with modern psychology tries to describe complex relations of human kind. Nowadays enneagram is being used in education systems, social and sport managements and parents training in order to re-understand the concerning personality types of characters. This comparative analytical article based on library data and primarily tries to introduce enneagram model. After sufficient discussing and comparing and analyzing the data we show that the character of Shirin in Amir Khosro Dehlavi’s “Shirin & Khosro” story accordance with type six based on enneagram model. The article concludes that the character of Shirin is charming, skeptical and also loyal and generally corresponds to the sixth Type of the nine enneagram types. Introduction“Khosrow and Shirin” is the love story of Khosrow, the Sasanian prince of Iran, and Shirin, the Armenian princess. For the first time, Nizami Ganjeei composed this story into his poetic masterpiece, and after him, many Iranian, Indian and other poets recomposed it, but each of the poets presented their own narratives and characterizations. Amir Khosro Dehlavi presents a special character of Shirin, the protagonist of ‘Shirin and Khosro’.This descriptive-analytical research tries to analyze the Shirin personality type in Amir Khosro Dehlavi's narrative based on the Enneagram theory with the following questions:1- What are the characteristics of Shirin in the descriptions of Amir Khosro Dehlavi?2- Which Enneagram type does Shirin's character correspond to?Mehrnoosh Mansouri (2017) concludes that Shirin's role is more prominent. Mohammadi Afshar and Abdulali Owaisi (2013) in their article "Comparison of three heroes of Khosrow and Shirin Nizami with their two counterparts, Shirin and Khosrow by Amir Khosrow Dehlavi and Abdullah Hatfi’s one" concluded that Shirin Nizami's human features are brighter than the those two, but until now, there has been no research on any of these narratives based on the Enneagram personality models.1.1. Research methodologyThis descriptive-analytical research is an interdisciplinary study of literature and personality psychology. This research is based on the textual data of Shirin and Khosrow by Amir Khosro dehalvi and its comparative analysis with the Enneagram models in which the contents of the books of R. D. Riso and R. Hudson (2003) and W. R. Baron (1994) are particularly cited. Enneagram divides the people characters in 9 types; 1- the perfectionist/ reformer 2- the giver/helper 3-the achiever 4- the individualist 5- the investigator 6- the loyalist 7- the enthusiast 8- the challenger 9-the peace-maker. Nowadays Enneagram is being used in education systems, social and sport managements, parent’s training in order to understand relationships among personality types. (See: riso, 2003: 66). An interdisciplinary study based on this theory can provide a new understanding of characterization in comparative studies of texts. DiscussionAfter fully analyzing the textual data and comparing it with the nine models, we found that Shirin's personality corresponds to the sixth type of Enneagram. People of this type are faithful and loyal, attractive, restrained, honest, warm-hearted, good-natured, smart, responsible and strategic. (See: Baron, 1994: 81). The sixth type people are generally reliable, hardworking and planning, foresight and alert, conscientious and evaluative, forward-looking and cautious, aware and anxious, believing and skeptical, conservative and freethinking. (Riso and Hudson, 2003: 135). People of this type deal with pessimism, defensiveness, worry, skepticism, negativity, reactiveness, doubt, and blaming. (ibid: 135).Love and evaluation: infatuation, evaluation, and expectation are main traits of Shirin. This feature is revealed when she rejects Khosrow’s request before proving the purity of his love. Shirin Says that she will accept Khosrow’s love if it was pure otherwise, she will purify his love with fire of prospect.Expression, doubt, and anxiety: By declaring her love for Khosrow, Shirin shows her double personality. On the one hand, she considers herself infatuated with Khosrow and expresses her love for Khosrow with affection and humility and makes him mesmerized. But on the other hand, he is in constant doubt and anxiety. This doubt in Shirin's existence towards Khosrow's loyalty causes him to be driven away. Expression of feeling, doubt, and anxiety is another characteristic of the sixth type. Riso and Hudson stated: Type 6 people are worried and anxious to have a reliable source for support in their lives (Riso, Hudson, 2003: 139).Character Dynamism: Type 6 people visibly have an obvious nervous reaction and are troubled by their doubts in intellectual situations and problems, but when the pressure exceeds the normal limit, they throw themselves in the middle of dangerous work and anxiously try to solve the problem with hard work. (Riso and Hudson, 2003:140) In a situation where they feel safe, they try to overcome the stress by keeping calm and even become indifferent. They are more accepting and inclusive and more peaceful than others (ibid.: 141). This characteristic is interpreted as personality dynamics. Shirin, who is in agony because of Khosrow's parting, when Khosrow comes to visit here, in doubt and nervous reaction, he sends the courtiers to welcome him, who prevent the king from entering the palace and accomodate him outside the palace. In the battle between reason and love, Shirin’s reason is the winner.Self-preservation: people of type Six find their security through safeguarding resources...they care a great deal about safety and thrift (Riso, 2003:142). Shirin as a true lover is at the same time of a self-conserver and self-saver personality. In fact, it is Shirin’s wisdom demonstrating her as sapient forethoughtful woman who controls momentary desire and in no condition, she would let her wisdom go (Rashed Mohassel, 1371: 157). people of type Sixe get their sense of security primarily from their emotional bond with a significant other. However, they also have many doubts, both about their own ability or willingness to there for them.Sexual role: people of type six often manifest a tension between their gender roles. These women have a tough, tomboy side to them but still as across feminine. They fall into suspiciousness about their partner and can be quite jealous while at the same time feeling a strong need to continue to prove their desirability. (Riso,Hudson, 2003: 142-3) Shirin has also these characteristics. She even plans to kill Shekar the sexual partner of Khosrow.Social role: they are warm, engaging, humorous, trying to send out the message that they are approachable and safe. They like to enlist people getting other involved in projects or activities they see as worthwhile. They frequently volunteer to work in groups and committees (Riso,Hudson: 2003:143). Shirin, who visit Khosrow after the years, expresses sympathy and encourages him to fight rebel Bahram Chobin and organize the affairs. In their reunion, when Khosrow was leaving for battle against Bahram-Choobin, shirin who for many years expect to see the King starts to sympathize with him to reestablish order in the kingdom. ConclusionAfter a comprehensive analysis of the data and their comparison, we found that Shirin’s characteristics in Amir Khosro Dehlavi's narration is compatible with the sixth type of the Enneagram. Shirin loves Khosrow and expresses her feelings humbly and excites him with her romantic expression, but she considers her reputation as the highest thing and rejects the relationship outside of customs and rituals. Her love is full of purity and chastity. Shirin is reliable, hardworking, organizer, conscientious and at the same time alert, evaluative and thoughtful, restrained, cautious and anxious, skeptical, conservative and at the same time has a dynamic and strategic personality and works hard to join her lover, but she does not accept the failure of her principles and moral beliefs. In addition to being infatuated, Shirin evaluates Khosrow's love and actions and considers her sexual instinct as the main source of his security, and self-preservation is the most important thing for her. Shirin has a social personality and helps Khosrow in dealing with problems. In the beginning, Khosrow looked at Shirin as a material possession, but finally, Shirin's thoughtful behavior changed her lover's perspective, thinking and personality, and made him a great lover and a wise and powerful king. As far as it goes, in fact, Shirin has the main components of the sixth type of Enneagram models, namely loyalty and faithfulness. ReferencesAbbasi, Habibullah. (2006). Amir Khosrow Dehlavi`s Poetique, the journal: Pazheshnameye Farhang Va Adab”. 2: 73-86.Ahangar, Katayoun. (2006). Maharathaye Tipshenasi (typology skills). Tehran: Shahidipour.Ahmadian, Fariba. (1998). The Image of a Woman in Nezami Ganjavi's Most Prominent Works. The journal; Soroush Banovan. 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