بررسی جایگاه و عملکرد شعر و اندیشه مولانا در آثار شهید مرتضی مطهری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ادبیات فارسی خارج از فضای دانشگاه، در میان افراد، اندیشه ها و جریانات مختلف سیاسی و اجتماعی معاصر حضوری قاطع داشته است. مطالعه ادبیات در این ساحت بیش از هرچیز به معنای تبیین نقش و عملکرد آن در فراز و فرودهای تاریخی است. با توجه به این مسأله، در مقاله حاضر شعر و اندیشه مولانا جلال الدین محمد بلخی در آثار شهید مطهری به عنوان یکی از برجسته ترین و تأثیرگذارترین شخصیت های معاصر، ردیابی شده است. آثاری که مورد تحلیل محتوایی قرار گرفته اند بیشتر آثاری هستند که در نگاه نخست پیوند و ارتباط متعارف و شناخته شده ای با ادبیات فارسی برقرار نمی کنند؛ اما تعمّق و تأمل در این آثار نشان دهنده حضور چشمگیر و مؤثر ادبیات و مشخصاً اندیشه و شعر مولانا است که البته سویه تبیینی این گونه کاربرد بر سویه استدلالی آن غلبه دارد. نتایج همچنین نشان می دهد، شهید مطهری با استعمال برخی از حکایت های مثنوی و کاربست ساختار شعری مثنوی، به تقویت و تصدیق برخی از دیدگاه ها و از طرفی تضعیف پاره ای ازگفتمان های رقیب نایل شده است. از این منظر ضمن بازسازی نظرات استاد مطهری درباره مولانا، جایگاه شعر و اندیشه این شاعر و عارف برجسته در منظومه فکری شهید مطهری و متعاقباً جایگاه، ارزش و عملکرد ویژه آن در یکی از مهمترین جریانات سیاسی-اجتماعی معاصر مشخص می شود.Analyzing the Status and Performance of Molana’s Views and Poems in Shahid Morteza Motahari’s Works
Outside the boundaries of the academic atmosphere, Persian literature has stood the test of time in contemporary thoughts, social and political movements, and among people as well. In fact, literary studies in this setting denote understanding the role and performance of literature in historical vicissitudes. Accordingly, the thoughts and poems of Rumi Balkhi in Morteza Motahari’s works are tracked and analyzed. The works that corresponded to content analysis are actually pieces that do not connote a common link with literature at first sight. However, in-depth analysis shows the significance of literature, specifically the thoughts and poems of Rumi. Meanwhile, the results show that Motahari has reinforced some of his views by basing them on Masnavi’s pieces and structural aspects of these poems and, in the light of such works he has weakened the discourse of his counterparts. Hence, by rebuilding Motahari’s opinion on Rumi, the status of thoughts and poems by this iconic figure in Persian literature in Motahari’s point of view, and consequently the unique value and performance of this view in one of the most important sociopolitical movements of the contemporary era have been discussed. Keywords: Motahari, Persian Literature, Masnavi, Mysticism.1.IntroductionOne of the contemporary personalities who has played a role in the developments of contemporary Iran due to his position, worldview and finally a wide range of audiences including clergy and authorities, academics, and the masses of people is Morteza Motahhari, and knowing his intellectual themes means knowing a very important part of Iran's contemporary culture and intellectual currents. From this perspective, one of the attractive aspects of the research is to investigate the place of culture and especially literature in this field. Literature has a very prominent place in Professor Motahhari's intellectual system; Motahhari with a deep understanding of the nature of literature, as a very important and determining matter that includes a huge part of the national/ritual identity of Iranian society and has faced this category considering all its facilities and capacities. What has been investigated and analyzed in this article is the position, role, and function of Rumi's poetry and thought in the works of Professor Morteza Motahhari.2.Literature ReviewIn traditional readings, literary works were often historical data, and from their analysis, some facts were reconstructed. In such readings, literature and literary works were placed in front of the realities like a mirror and played the role of reflection. From Emile Durkheim onwards, this perception of culture and its effective components were questioned and gradually alternative readings were proposed. Durkheim gave more importance to the issue of culture, religion, and ethics than the economy, and later the theorists of the left-wing tradition, by criticizing and modifying Marx's views, changed the one-sided relationship between economy and culture. Louis-Althusser believed that literature is like a tool that produces, repeats, and reproduces the ideologies of the state in order to perpetuate its power. In this field, literature is out of silence and isolation and actively participates in power equations and balances and social and political relations. With such a perception of literature, its place and value can be clearly seen in historical ups and downs. In the meantime, the study of Motahhari's works as one of the most influential contemporary figures from the perspective of the function of Rumi's poetry and thought has a special place and importance, and so far no such research has been done on his works. MethodologyPersian literature has crystallized in two ways in the works of Morteza Motahhari; first, in the form of independent works such as The Mirror of the Cup, The Observer of Secrets and Mysticism of Hafez, and then scattered in many of his works, which at first glance are not in a conventional connection with Persian literature. What has been examined and analyzed in this article is the position, role, and function of Rumi's poetry and thought in the recent part of the works of Professor Morteza Motahhari. The research was done with the qualitative content analysis method and based on library sources.4.ConclusionAccording to the findings of this research, Motahhari, understanding the importance and potential of Persian literature and specifically the position of Rumi, has included it in his intellectual system and has determined certain functions from it. In the explanation and interpretation of "first cause" and in response to some opinions and theories of existing materialist currents, Motahhari has used Rumi's thought and implicitly used it as a viewpoint based on theological perceptions in opposition to these views. The topic of "divine justice" which has a completely social issue in its heart, is an arena for the active presence of Rumi's poetry and thought, and Motahhari has achieved this importance with the noble capacity of Masnavi Sharif. Motahhari has set such a poem of Rumi against "materialism" which has always been prominent in the critical period of contemporary history. Masnavi is well placed in this context and as a traditional-historical piece of literature, it has documented and substantiated the opinions of Shahid Motahhari. Rumi's poetry is also used in other cases such as "Explanation of the Evidence of Evil". Referring to the educational effects of disasters, this issue has taken on an important social aspect due to the shortcomings and deficiencies that existed in the economic systems of the era, and the role of Rumi's poetry and thought is very important and prominent in this. Explanation of dialectic logic, criticism of August Comte's positivism, explanation of the phenomenon of death, strengthening of the discourse of Shi'ism, explanation of the controversial issue of Qada and Qadr, explanation of the issue of balance and harmony of human values, explanation and strengthening of the culture of martyrdom, examination of the issue of hijab, examination of the issue of limitology were among the items that Shahid Motahhari has informed them through the poetry and thought of Rumi.
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