آسیب شناسی بلاغت زبان براساس نظریه نقش گرا (با تکیه بر داستان یکی بود و یکی نبود جمالزاده) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
زبان شناسی نقش گرا که نشأت گرفته از مکتب نقش گرا است، توانایی ها و خلاقیت های مؤلف در استفاده از نظام گفتاری و نوشتاری زبان، جهت نظام بلاغی و کارکردهای دیگر زبان را مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار می گیرد. صاحب نظرانی چون مارتینه، یاکوبسن و هلیدی برای زبان نقش های گوناگونی را بر شمرده اند.که از این میان نقش های شش گانه: ارتباطی، ارجاعی، ترغیبی، عاطفی، محمل اندیشه و آفرینش ادبی از همه مهم تر و مشهورتر است که در این مقاله در داستان «فارسی شکر است» اثر محمدعلی جمالزاده، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. از این دیدگاه، جمالزاده به عنوان پیشاهنگ داستان نویسی کوتاه فارسی با آگاهی از ظرفیت های بالقوه زبان فارسی و با تسلط بر فنون روایت، توانسته به خوبی از نقش های شش گانه کلام برای ایجاد جذابیت های ادبی بهره گرفته به آسیب شناسی بلاغت زبان بپردازد. او در این داستان به شیوه هنرمندانه و به طور ملموس و عملی، مهم ترین و خطرناک ترین آسیب زبان را که بیگانه مآبی مفرط و نابه جاست به مخاطب گوشزد کرده، آن ها را به استفاده طبیعی از زبان برای بلاغت آن ترغیب می کند.Pathology of Language Rhetoric Based on Functional Theory in Jamalzadeh's Story "Yeki Bud Yeki Nabud" (Once Upon a Time)
Functional linguistics, which originates from the Functional school, the author's abilities and creativity in using the spoken and written language system are examined and analyzed for the rhetorical system and other functions of the language. Theorists such as Martina, Jakobson, and Halliday have listed various functions for language. Among them, the six functions: communication, referential, motivational, emotional, thought-provoking, and literary creation are the most important and famous ones which were analyzed in this article in the story "Farsi Shekar Ast" (Farsi is sugar) by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh. From this point of view, Jamalzadeh, as a pioneer of Persian short story writing, with the knowledge of the potential capacities of the Persian language and mastering the techniques of narration, has been able to deal with the pathology of language rhetoric by using the six functions of words to create literary attractions. In this story, in an artistic way, concretely and practically, he shows the most important and dangerous damage of the language, which is excessive and inappropriate alienness; he warns the audience and encourages them to use natural language for its rhetoric. Keywords : Language Rhetoric, Functional Linguistics, Jamalzadeh, Language Functions, Language Pathology. Introduction Rhetoric, in the term, means adapting words to the needs of the audience. Imam Sadiq (AS) said: Rhetoric lies in three things: getting close to the intended meaning, avoiding unnecessary words, and understanding a lot with few words. Therefore, if the writer can use language well, he has achieved the true function of language, which is effective communication. And this area, the rhetoric of the language, is one of the areas of interest in functional linguistics, which analyzes the text in order to determine the patterns of language use in speech and writing, and the purpose of these detailed and technical studies is to identify and classify the linguistic elements used in the text. Examining Jamalzadeh's stories from this point of view is a good indication of his skill in using language functions in the direction of language rhetoric. He used vernacular language in his stories in an innovative way and considered the task of writers to be simple writing and paying attention to the common language of the people, and in the story "Farsi Shekar Ast", he dealt with the pathology of language rhetoric and presented practical solutions. In this article, this pathology has been tried to be well explained and analyzed based on functional linguistics. Literature Review and Methodology Various pieces of research have been conducted about Jamalzadeh's works and rhetorical topics in particular. However, there was no case regarding the pathology of language rhetoric based on the functional theory. The research method in this article is library-based and descriptive-analytical. Conclusion Functional linguistics is an approach in linguistics based on which the functions of the language determine the scientific and precise rhetoric of the language. Examining the story "Farsi Shekar Ast" from this point of view shows that Jamalzadeh in this story investigates the pathology of language and provides practical solutions for it. Examining the story clearly shows that he is fully aware of linguistic functions and masterfully uses them to advance the rhetorical goals of his language. By examining and applying eleven functions proposed in functional linguistics, they can be divided into six functions in the following order: 1- Motivational function: Jamalzadeh encourages the audience by using words, terms, and popular proverbs to simplify writing and using the Persian language in speaking and writing instead of a foreign language. 2- Communication: The communicative function of sentences is to advance the story and reach the message for correct communication, avoiding any kind of incorrect usage and pedantry. 3- Referential: The frequency of the referential function of language should be attributed to Jamalzadeh's realistic worldview. Therefore, he believes that in order to maintain this function and use it correctly, the natural function of language should not be deviated from. Emotional: The emotional function is responsible for the survival of society. Incorrect use of language makes this role extremely vulnerable and destroys emotional relationships. Literary: By presenting a simple pattern and using natural arrays, Jamalzadeh uses this function in creating communication, persuasion, and the emotional function of language. The support of thought: According to Jamalzadeh, the person who turns to a foreign language and avoids the correct use of language has an incorrect thought. In order to solve this issue, one should act through the correct use of language. By choosing the beauty that he has chosen for his story, he well induces the reader: that indeed "Farsi Shekar Ast" (Farsi is sugar).
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