پیش بینی هویت اخلاقی نوجوانان بر اساس عملکرد خانواده (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف این پژوهش بررسی رابطه مؤلفه های عملکرد خانواده (مؤلفه های همبستگی، بیانگری، تفاهم، گرایش های فکری و فرهنگی، گرایش های تفریحی و فعال، تقید مذهبی، سازماندهی، جامعه پذیری، منبع کنترل درونی، آرمان خانواد، انعطاف پذیری، سبک خانواده آزادمنش، سبک خانواده مقتدرانه، سبک خانواده مستبد، استقلال و تفرد) با هویت اخلاقی نوجوانان و ابعاد درون سازی و نمادسازی آن بود. نمونه پژوهش شامل533 دانش آموز دختر و پسر مقطع متوسطه شهرستان قم بود که به روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدند و به پرسش نامه هویت اخلاقی و عملکرد خانواده بلوم (FFS) پاسخ دادند. نتایج تحلیل داده ها با روش رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد مؤلفه های بیانگری، سبک فرزندپروری مقتدرانه و گرایش فکری- فرهنگی خانواده به ترتیب یبشترین قدرت پیش بینی کنندگی را در مورد هویت اخلاقی دارند. همچنین مؤلفه سبک والدگری مقتدرانه، بیانگری و تقید مذهبی خانواده، قدرت پیش بینی کنندگی بعد نمادسازی هویت اخلاقی را به طور معنی دار افزایش می دهند. در نهایت مؤلفه بیانگری، انعطاف پذیری و سبک والدگری مقتدرانه در مجموع حدود 6 درصد واریانس بعد درون سازی هویت اخلاقی را تبیین می کنند.Predicting adolescents’ moral identity from family function
Introduction Some researchers suggest moral identity is an important source of moral motivation that facilitates commitment to moral behavior (Blasi, 2008; Bergman, 2008). By moral identity, we mean a commitment that emphasizes behavioral consideration and support of others’ welfare, and continues with an ongoing personal feeling about the self (Matsuba et al., 2011; Hardy, 2008; Atkins, Hart& Donnelly, 2004). The present conceptualization of moral identity has two different aspects: a) Internalization is the degree to which moral principles are central to one’s self- concept: b) Symbolization reflects the extent to which moral principles are expressed outwardly to others (Aquino & Reed, 2002). Several factors have been identified as influences on the development of moral identity, some of them are individual and some contextual. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family functioning components (cohesion, expressiveness, agreement, intellectual, recreation and religious orientations, organization, sociability, internal locus of control, family idealization, flexibility, laissez-faire decision-making, democratic and authoritarian styles, autonomy) with moral identity of adolescent and its dimensions, internalization and symbolization. cohesion, expressiveness, agreement, intellectual, recreation and religious orientations, organization, sociability, internal locus of control, family idealization, flexibility, laissez-faire decision-making, democratic and authoritarian styles, autonomy). Research questions According the above, the purpose of this research was to answer the following questions: 1) Dose family functioning predict moral identity of adolescents? 2) Dose family functioning predict symbolization of adolescents’ moral identity? 3) Dose family functioning predict internalization of adolescents’ moral identity? Method Current study was descriptive, a correlational study. The samples consisted of 533 high school students (260 boys and 273 grils) that were selected by multistage random sampling method. After coordinating the research with the department of education of Qom’s quadruplet areas, one school were randomly selected from each area. One classroom from each of the first, second and third grade was randomly selected from each school and the students were administered the questionnaires. Participants completed Aquino and Reed's Moral Identity Scale (2002) that consists of 13 items and two subscales of symbolization and internalization. Family function scale (FFS) consists of 13 subscales that reflecting family function (cohesion, expressiveness, agreement, intellectual, recreation and religious orientations, organization, sociability, internal locus of control, family idealization, flexibility, laissez-faire decision-making, democratic and authoritarian styles, autonomy). The relationship between moral identity and family function was assessed by Pearson’s correlation. Linear regression analysis (stepwise method) was also used to assess whether family function was a significant predictor of moral identity total score and its dimensions, internalization and symbolization. Results Results of data analysis, by using stepwise regression, showed that expressiveness, democratic parenting style and intellectual orientation components had the highest predictive power on moral identity. Also democratic parenting style, expressiveness and religious orientation components, increased significantly the predictive power of symbolization of moral identity. Finally components of expression, flexibility and democratic parental style explained about 6% of the internalization variance. Discussion The results of this research indicate that democratic parenting characterized by three dimensions, responsiveness, autonomy-granting, and demandingness, seems to facilitate moral identity development (Hardy, et al., 2010). Responsiveness enables the accurate understanding and acceptance of parental moral values. When adolescents feel loved by and comfortable with their parents, they are more likely to listen to and agree with what they say and do. Autonomy-granting encourages identity exploration and commitment, including reflection on and commitment to moral principles. Demandingness helps youth understand moral principles and appreciate the consequences that follow from complying with or violating such principles (Dunn, 2014). Democratic parenting together with appropriate atmosphere for dialogue and expressing the needs and feelings in the family, and the existence of religious orientations and religious beliefs, provide the necessary grounds for moral development in adolescents. Also flexibility in responding to the need for independence of adolescents provides space for the discovery of values, internalization, and commitment to selective values, which is one of the dimensions of moral identity.
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