مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی- رفتاری، هیپنوتراپی شناختی و حساسیت زدایی و بازپردازش از طریق حرکت چشم بر بهبود اضطراب و حافظه سرگذشتی زنان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی- رفتاری، هیپنوتراپی شناختی و حساسیت زدایی و بازپردازش از طریق حرکت چشم بر کاهش اضطراب و حافظه سرگذشتی زنان سیل زده شهر پل دختر انجام شد. پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و به روش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون– پس آزمون چهار گروهی انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری، شامل همه زنان میانسال سیل زده شهر پل-دختر استان لرستان بود که طی دو ماهه نخست سال 1398 به مراکز سلامت و روانشناختی مراجعه کرده بودند. از بین آن ها 60 نفر که دارای بیشترین میزان اختلال استرس پس از سانحه بودند، در سه گروه آزمایش (N = 45; Mage = 42.02, SD = 7.03) و یک گروه کنترل (N = 15; Mage = 41.50, SD = 7.91) به تصادف گمارده شدند. ابزار اندازه گیری پژوهش شامل آزمون حافظه سرگذشتی ویلیامز و برودبنت (1986) و مقیاس اضطراب بک و استر (1990) بود. داده های آماری به کمک تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره، آزمون تعقیبی بن فرونی و آزمون L-Matrix مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج تحلیل کواریانس نشان داد هر سه مداخله درمان شناختی رفتاری، هیپنوتراپی شناختی و EMDR بر کاهش اضطراب و افزایش حافظه سرگذشتی واژه های مثبت نسبت به گروه کنترل مؤثر بودند (01/0>p). علاوه بر این، نتایج L-Matrix نیز نشان داد درمان شناختی رفتاری و هیپنوتراپی شناختی تأثیر بیشتری نسبت به EMDR بر افزایش حافظه سرگذشتی در زنان سیل زده داشتند از این رو می توان نتیجه گرفت، هیپنوتراپی شناختی رفتاری و در پی آن درمان شناختی رفتاری و EMDR بر کاهش اضطراب و افزایش حافظه سرگذشتی واژه های مثبت زنان سیل زده از اثربخشی مطلوبی برخودارند.Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive hypnotherapy, and EMDR on improving anxiety and autobiographical memory in women
Introduction Every year around the world, natural disasters lead to the death, disability and financial damage of many people and governments. So far, the focus of health systems has been on reducing the physical consequences of disasters. However, these incidents are a source of great stress for the survivors of the accident and have serious and long-lasting psychological consequences. Experiencing such an event leads to a wide range of disorders including symptoms of anxiety, neuroticism, depression and psychosomatic. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive hypnotherapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on reducing anxiety and autobiographical memory of flood-affected women in Poldokhtar. Method The research was applied and quasi-experimental with a four-group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included all middle-aged women in the flooded city of Poldokhtar in Lorestan province who had referred to health and psychological centers during the first two months of 2019. Among them, 60 people who had the highest rate of post-traumatic stress disorder were in three experimental groups (N = 45; Mage = 42.02, SD = 7.03) and one control group (N = 15; Mage = 41.50, SD = 7.91) were assigned by accident. The measurement tools included Williams and Broadbent (1986) autobiographical memory test and Beck and Esther (1990) anxiety scale. Statistical data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance, Bonferroni post hoc test and L-Matrix test. Results The results of analysis of covariance showed that all three interventions of cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive hypnotherapy and EMDR were effective in reducing anxiety and increasing autobiographical memory of positive words compared to the control group (p <0.01). In addition, No interventions were performed on women's anxiety. The results also showed that patients were introduced to anxiety symptoms and the course of PTSD during cognitive-behavioral interventions and received training related to anxiety management, sedation, guided imagery, cognition of misconceptions, and cognitive distortions. Discussion Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy followed by cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR have a favorable effect on reducing anxiety and increasing the autobiographical memory of positive words in flood-affected women. However, the results of the present study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy were more effective than EMDR interventions. Among the reasons for this finding are the problem of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder in avoiding unpleasant emotions, using ineffective problem-solving strategies and interpersonal relationships. Keywords: Cognitive-behavioral, cognitive hypnotherapy, desensitization and reprocessing, eye movement, anxiety, autobiographical memory.
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