انسجام دانش فنی و آموزه های طراحی در آموزش معماری مقایسه ی تطبیقی سرفصل دروس کارشناسی معماری دانشگاه های برتر جهان و ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
آموزش در رشته ی معماری آمیزه ای از کسب دانش و توانایی است. توانایی کاربست دانش های آموخته شده در طراحی معماری، از موضوعات مهم در حوزه ی آموزش دانشگاهی معماری است که در حرفه ای شدن دانشجویان موثر است و ضعف در این حوزه موجب ناکارآمدی دانش آموختگان معماری می گردد. این پژوهش به بررسی میزان واحدهای مرتبط با انسجام میان دانش فن ساختمان و طرح معماری در سرفصل آموزشی معماری در مقطع کارشناسی ایران و دانشگاه های منتخب جهان پرداخته و نسبت میان تعداد واحدهای دروس فنی، دروس انسجام دهنده و کارگاه های طراحی معماری در این سرفصل ها بررسی شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که در دانشگاه های تراز اول جهان واحدهای انسجام دهنده نسبت به دروس فنی و طراحی معماری تعداد واحد های بیشتری را به خود اختصاص داده اند. در سرفصل مصوب 1377 ایران، دانشگاه تهران (1392)، فردوسی مشهد (1395) این دروس تعداد واحدهای کمتری را در بر می گیرد. این نسبت در سرفصل های مصوب دانشگاه شهید بهشتی (1384) و دانشگاه یزد (1398) بهبود پیدا کرده است. این پژوهش، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت، توصیفی- تحلیلی است. روش گردآوری داده ها کتابخانه ای و روش تحقیق، رویکردهای تحلیل محتوا بوده است. داده های کمی در چهار دسته مقوله بندی شد ه اند، سپس فراوانی مقوله ها براساس درصد، استخراج و مقایسه گردیده اند. نتایج این بخش، با مرور منابع و نظریات مرتبط، توصیف شده است.INTEGRATED DESIGN TAUGHT WITH TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE IN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION Comparison Architectural Curriculum in Undergraduate in the Top World Universities & Iran
Education of architecture is a combination of acquiring knowledge and ability. The ability to integrate the architectural knowledge, technology, and designing is also one of the topics that exerts an effect on making students professional. Weaknesses in this area cause inefficiency of graduates of architecture. This ratio exists in the educational syllabus of architecture in most universities in the world, including Iran. Architectural design studios play a major role in developing the curriculum, and theoretical courses are considered as supplementary courses that help apply design studios in the designing process. The research conducted so far and the experience of the authors of this article in teaching technical designing and architectural designing at the undergraduate level, raised the question of whether the amount of courses that emphasize the application of architectural technology in architectural designing is sufficient in other universities, it questioned the relation and ratio that exist between integrative courses, architecture technology courses, and architectural designing. This study examined the number of courses related to the integrity between knowledge of architectural technology and architectural designing in the educational curriculum of undergraduate level of architecture in Iran and selected universities in the world, and compared and contrasted the number of technical courses, integrative courses, and architectural design studios. The results are displayed in the form of graphs with statistical indices and showed that in top universities of the world, a greater weight is given to the number of integrative courses compared to technical courses and architectural designing courses. The results further showed that in most prestigious universities of the world, some courses have been planned to create integration between technical courses and architectural design under the title of "design with integrated discipline. Also, based on articles published by the faculty members of these universities, this study provided a description of integrated designing and explained its necessity. The training of architectural engineering in the undergraduate level in Iran was carried out according to the syllabus approved by the Ministry of Science in 1998. Recently, this syllabus has been reviewed by some universities and changes have been made in it. In the syllabus approved in 1998, the domain of construction technology education received about one third of the total number of credit hours; But a few number of courses create integrity between this field and architectural designing. The result of this process is a reduction in the quality of design, wastage of cost, energy and materials in the accomplishment of construction projects and a lower presence of young architects in the labor market. This ratio has improved in the approved syllabi of Shahid Beheshti University (2005) and Yazd University (2017). The present study is an applied research based on the mixed research method and descriptive- analytical approach. In the section dealing with selecting universities and statistical analysis of the data obtained, the quantitative research method was used with a content analysis qualitative research was also used via library data and descriptive- analytical approach and inductive reasoning.
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