پذیرش گردشگری خلاق در تجربه ی شهروندان و گردشگران شهرهای پشتیبان گردشگری؛ نمونه ی موردی شهر یاسوج (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
شهر یاسوج در منطقه ای قرار دارد که به خاطر طبیعت بکرش عنوان «پایتخت طبیعت ایران» را یافته است. این شهر در زمره ی شهرهایی قرار می گیرد که به دلیل نداشتنِ میراث تاریخی، بیشتر نقش پشتیبانی خدمات به طبیعت گردان و بوم گردانی که به این منطقه می آیند را ایفا می کند، در حالی که در کنار سرمایه ی طبیعی، ویژگی های اجتماعی شهر نیز جاذبه های فرهنگی منحصر به فردی داراست. پارادایم گردشگری خلاق در مقایسه با دیگر پارادایم های گردشگری که بر میراث ملموس و کالبدی شهر متکی هستند، بر زندگی روزمره و تجربه ی فعال و مشارکتی گردشگر و تعامل او با محلی ها تأکید دارد نه بر میراث کالبدی و طبیعی شهر. این پژوهش در پی فهم آن است که با توجه به این که تمرکز گردشگری یاسوج در حال حاضر بر داشته های طبیعی و بوم گردی است، جایگاه الگوی گردشگری خلاق در تجربه ی محلی ها و گردشگران چگونه است؟ این پژوهش به روش تحلیل کیفی محتوای مصاحبه هایی که با 32 نفر از گردشگران یاسوج و شهروندان آن به دست آمده انجام شده است. «شهر- پشتیبان گردشگری»، «شهر – نمایش محصولات فرهنگی» و «شهر- رویداد» سه مضمونی هستند که به عنوان یافته های پژوهش، توصیفگر ضرورت همپیوندی بستر گردشگری خلاق با دیگر سطوح و فرم های سنتی گردشگری در شهر یاسوج است.Acceptance for Creative Tourism by citizens and tourists in Tourism- Supporting Cities; the case of Yasouj
Yasouj, located in a district with vast wilderness areas, has been named as the Iran Nature Capital and has become one of the major tourism attractions in south of Iran. Despite having unique social- cultural intangible attributes, Since the city itself doesn’t have cultural- historical tangible elements to attract tourism, can be considered a tourism- supporting city that supplies services for eco- tourism of surrounding natural areas. Such a condition has abandoned the city from tourism flow. The creative tourism paradigm, in contrast with other types of tourism that rely on tangible cultural and ecological elements, emphasizes on everyday life of the city and active participative experiences for both tourist and locals. In 2006, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s Creative Cities Network defined creative tourism as ‘travel directed toward an engaged and authentic experience, with participative learning in the arts, heritage, or special character of a place, and it provides a connection with those who reside in this place and create this living culture (UNESCO, 2006, 3). The common components of creative tourism are ‘participative, authentic experiences that allow tourists to develop their creative potential and skills through contact with local people and their culture’ (Richards, 2011, 1237), and thus it is essentially a learning process which blurs the tourist- locals distinction. This research aimed to explore the role of Yasouj in lived experience of tourism and locals, to understand if they have acceptance for creative tourism patterns and attributes due to the current situation of the city.In literature review this research analyzed the creative tourism paradigm and relevant concepts to shape a conceptual framework. Relying on Inductive Qualitative Content Analysis methodology, this research explored the experience of 32 interviewees (20 tourism and 12 locals) using coding as the main analysis method. An inductive approach, also called data-driven or text-driven, is characterized by a search for patterns and themes to describe the studied phenomenon. During the analysis the researcher looks for similarities and differences in the data, which are described in categories and/or themes on various levels of ion and interpretation. The researcher moves from the data to a theoretical understanding – from the concrete and specific to the and general (Graneheim et al., 2017, 30). The eight discovered categories indicate to three different themes, as the research findings, including “city- tourism supporting”, “city- presenting cultural products” and “city- event” explains the interviewee’s experience of Yasouj’s current situation and their image for preferred future situation of tourism. The three themes indicate to necessity of interrelationship between three different levels of roles, not only the creative tourism one, that Yasuj should play for tourism; in district (macro) level, connection to the eco- tourism; in city level (meso), supporting an interconnected network of cultural- tourism areas and places; in public space level (micro) supporting livable eventful public spaces. This research findings describes tourism, including the current situation and the capacities for future, for those cities that, similar to Yasouj, are presenting as a tourism-support for surrounding ecological areas.
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