مطالعه ی مقایسه ای نقوش آجری نمای بناهای تجاری- مسکونی شهرهای اصفهان و تهران در دوره ی پهلوی اول (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
با آغاز دوره پهلوی، مدرنیزاسیون در ایران که از دوره قاجار شروع شده بود، شدت بیشتری یافت . یکی از عرصه هایی که آثار مدرنیزاسیون در آن پدیدار گشت، معماری و شهرسازی بود. برون گرایی در معماری و شهرسازی، سبب پیدایش نماهای رو به شهر در بناها شد. اکثر نماهایی که در این دوره در اطراف خیابان ها ساخته شدند، تزئینات آجری داشتند. مسئله پژوهش این است که مدرنیزاسیون چگونه آجرکاری های نماهای پایتخت و دیگر شهرها را دچار تغییر کرده است و تا چه اندازه تداوم سنت های فرهنگی گذشته و یا نفوذ سریعتر ویژگی های مدرن باعث تغییر چهره آنها شده است. باور بنیادین این پژوهش آن است که روش مطالعه مقایسه ای، راهکاری برای تحلیل چگونگی و چرایی شباهت ها و تفاوت های آجرکاری ها در نمای بناهای شهری اصفهان و تهران ارائه می دهد. تحلیل شباهت ها و تفاوت ها می تواند ویژگی های خاص و عام آجرکاری های اصفهان و تهران را آشکار کند و منجر به شناخت این تزئینات آجری بشود که در واقع بخش کوچکی از اسناد معماری آن دوره محسوب می شوند و تا کنون کمتر مورد توجه بسیار قرار گرفته اند.Comparison study of Isfahan and Tehran Pahlavid Contemporary brickwork in the filed of Urban Facade
With the start of the Pahlavi era, the process of modernizing Iran's arrival, which began from the Qajar era, became more intense. With the continuation of this trend, one of the areas where the works of modernization emerged were architecture and urbanization. Architecture and Urbanization caused the appearance of city views in the buildings. Most of the buildings built around the streets during this period were brick and brickwork. The construction instructions were the same for the government, and for all the cities of Iran. In the meantime, there were differences and similarities in the brick decoration of various cities. This research tries to answer some questions by comparing the bricks in the two cities of Isfahan and Tehran. The questions are: What are the similarities and differences between the bricks of these two cities and what are the reasons for their creation? How does modernism affect the brickwork of these two cities? Regarding the subject of this research, its method from the perspective of the goal is a developmental research. The data collection in this research has been field-based (photographing of buildings) and library, and the result is an exploratory study with interpretation. The research is presented in five chapters, in which topics such as modernism in Iran, architecture and urbanization of the Pahlavi era, the structure of the city of Isfahan and Tehran in this period, the common trends of the architecture of this era, the history of brickwork in Iranian architecture, the types of brick decoration of this period Etc. In the last , by examining examples of the bricks of these two cities and taking into account the issues discussed in the preceding parts, we tried to determine the factors affecting the formation and creation of similarity and difference Determine the brickwork. In the last part of this research, the similarities and differences between brickwork in terms of the type of brick, the location of the facade, the geometry of brickwork, the composition of brickwork with other decorations and ... were examined. The overall result of the study of brickwork in these two cities was that the bricks of Isfahan in terms of size and size of brick, brick designs used, more elegance, working and combining with tiling and ... more connected with Ornaments and brickwork have past historic architecture, while in Tehran there is a kind of transformation through highlighting the change in size and , and changing the design of the brickwork to the past. The reasons for this could be related to issues such as centralized government policy, the later start of the process of modernism in Isfahan and other cities, and so on. The results of this research can be used for other studies that deal with subjects such as decorations in the contemporary era. Also, the results of this research could lead to the clarification of part of a section in the history of Iranian architecture, which coincided with the advent of modernism in Iran and which has been underestimated, despite its importance.
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