شناسایی و رتبه بندی ابعاد و معیارهای مؤثر در مدیریت سبد پروژه های شهری و ارائه مدل مفهومی برای تعریف سبد پروژه های شهری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
شهرداری ها به عنوان مجری طرح های توسعه در سطح محلی، وظیفه ی مهمی در به سرانجام رساندن اهداف و استراتژی های آن دارند به طوری که یکی از مهم ترین وظایف آن ها، برنامه ریزی و اجرای طرح ها و پروژه هاست. مدیریت سبد پروژه رویکردی نو و برگرفته از دانش مدیریت پروژه است که برای بهره وری هرچه بهتر و مؤثرتر مجموعه پروژه ها و طرح ها در سازمان های پروژه محور مورد تأکید است. با توجه به اینکه از انتخاب و اولویت بندی پروژه ها به عنوان گام های اصلی انتخاب سبد پروژه یاد می شود، شناسایی ابعاد و معیارهای الزامی و ترجیحی مؤثر در این دو گام به عنوان مهم ترین مراحل مدیریت سبد پروژه و ارائه چارچوبی برای کاربست این معیارها لازم و ضروری به نظر می رسد. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی و از حیث گردآوری داده ها، توصیفی – پیمایشی محسوب می شود. مطابق یافته های تحقیق، معیارهای مؤثر در انتخاب و مدیریت سبد پروژه های شهری را می توان در 8 بعد فنی، مالی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی، زیست محیطی، ریسک، سازمانی، رقابتی دسته بندی کرد که برای انتخاب و اولویت بندی پروژه های شهری تهران، معیارهای مالی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی بیشترین امتیاز و اهمیت را دارند. همچنین برای انتخاب سبد پروژه های شهری، الگوریتمی دوبخشی متشکل از سه فیلتر با لحاظ معیارهای الزامی انتخاب پروژه و معیارهای ترجیحی انتخاب و اولویت بندی پروژه ها قابل ارائه است.Identifying and Rating Indexes and Sub-indexes in Urban Projects Portfolio Management and Presenting a Conceptual Model for Defining Urban Projects Portfolio
Municipalities play a crucial role in achieving strategic goals at the local levels. As a matter of fact one of their most important duties is to plan and implement urban programs and projects. Generally, it can be seen that the lack of integration management in projects leads to some problems such as overlapping of the projects, different conflicts, reselecting similar projects to the former unsuccessful ones, extending activity domain unconsciously, selecting further projects that cannot be afforded And etc. Portfolio management as a new approach, offers new opportunity to manage programs, projects and operations concentrated and integrally, for reaching strategic goals. Selecting and prioritizing are two main steps in portfolio projects management process. The goal of this research is to identify indexes and sub-indexes in urban projects in order to select and prioritize Tehran municipality’s urban projects through presenting a conceptual model and offers an optimum projects portfolio. This study, is practical in term of the goal, and descriptive - survey in terms of data collection. Reviewing documents, interview and questionnaire can be named as its data collection tool. We use snowball method in order to determine the sampling society. Targeted sampling were done in the questionnaire step and 30 experts and senior managers of municipalities were chosen to respond to the questionnaire. In order to analyze the interviews, we used coding method and non-parametric statistical method for questioner analysis. To analyze the questionnaires we used non parametric statistical methods. In order to prove the questioners reliability, Cronbach's alpha method were used. According to the results we could categorize indexes into eight groups which include technical, risk, financial, economic, social-cultural, environmental, organizational-political and competitiveness. Moreover we found 39 sub-indexes. Meanwhile technical, finance, social indexes are playing a crucial role in this research because they support 26 sub-indexes. Also, we suggest a conceptual model for Tehran portfolio project management which can optimize urban portfolio projects by 3 filters such as obligatory indexes, selecting indexes and prioritizing indexes. That obligatory index includes 1-support plans and visions 2-support city council policies and budget programs 3-cheacked other organizations projects in order to avoid redundant projects 4- endorse mega projects by urbanism and transportation division 5- the projects that should be supported by initial condition such as location, technical, cultural, social, passive defense, environmental and economic factors 6- technical report details. Second filter includes 31 sub-indexes but the most important sub-index induces 1-aligning with people needs and wills 2-protecting environment 3-cost of the project 4-facilitating financial project 5-mental and physical citizen health impact 6- spatial justice and distribution of projects location 7-expert experience, knowledge and skills in organization 8- up taking investment and creating employment 9- functional scale of project In the last filter, we found 34 sub-indexes among current and new project. we considered: 1- The required credit for project’s completion 2- aligning with citizens’ needs and wills 3- facilitating financial project 4-percetage of progress 5-risk (technical risk, management risk, legal risk, financial risk, external environment risk.
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