مشکلات و پیچیدگی های انتقال مفاهیم سازه ای در فرایند آموزش معماری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
فرایند آموزش و یادگیری زمانی مؤثر واقع می شود که آموزش مبتنی بر نظریه های علمی، روش های مناسب و به کارگیری ابزار های لازم در این مسیر باشد. آموزش معماری نیز به عنوان بخشی از آموزش عالی از این قاعده مستثنی نیست. آموزش دروس سازه ای در دانشکده های معماری داخل کشور، بیشتر تئوری بوده و فاقد هرگونه تجربه عملی و حرفه ای است، لذا حاصل این نوع آموزش در بهترین صورت، جز تربیت افرادی دارای قابلیت ذهنی بالا نبوده و امکان به اجرا درآوردن و خلاقیت در آثار حرفه ای دانش آموختگان معماری، بسیار اندک است. در این مقاله، به ارزیابی ساختار و محتوای آموزش دروس سازه ای پرداخته شده و در نهایت مشکلات و معایب موجود در این نظام آموزش استخراج و پیشنهاداتی برای رفع آنها ارائه می شود. روش تحقیق این پژوهش براساس تهیه پرسشنامه ای متناسب با آموزش دروس سازه ای در رشته معماری برای دستیابی به نتایج بهتر و مطلوب تر می باشد. پرسشنامه به صورت بسته تهیه شد که در آن برای هر پرسش، تعدادی گزینه و پاسخ انتخاب و هریک از پاسخ ها به گونه ای تنظیم شد که در عین منطقی بودن برای آن سوال، از پاسخ مربوط به دیگر سوالات مجزا باشد. با این روش، تجزیه و تحلیل و طبقه بندی پاسخ ها نیز ساده تر انجام شد.Difficulties and Complexities in Teaching of Structural Concepts in Architectural Process A Case Study over Architectural Schools in Iran
Learning and teach are two reciprocal activities that have taken root in human creation history and human civilization owes to formation of such successful interaction relation between learners and teachers. This interaction relation, when is established in organized situations, is called "Teach", consists of "a collection of activities that will be done by teacher in order to simplify or conduction of learning for learners." To set up the learning on cogitation and research, in present situation because of information explosion and lack of opportunity for teachers to gain all of information in their professional field has multiplied importance. So in present period, teacher’s assignment in process of teaching is not just scientific facts: they must prepare desirable condition of learning and teach to students "how to think?" and "how to learn?” Students must habit to independent minding for learning effort. Persuading students to minding and cogitating is the main duty of teachers and efficient teacher is whom one that confronts learners with problems, then forces them to mind about solving of discussed problems. Teaching of Architecture as a part of advanced education is not accepted from this rule. As regards to the graduated architectural students that are not enough successful in practical fields, finding the roots of this problem, conduits structure lectures and us to any of main extents of architectural learning via static. The structure of course, educational contents and headlines of these lessons is any of points discussed about in learning the architectural students. Therefore, in this article I proceed to evaluate the structure and contents of structural lessons and ultimately I'll extract the problems and defects is in the way of this educational system, then will present solutions and motions for adjustment of those problems. It is mentionable that teach of structural lessons in architectural faculties in many countries and in Iran is most theoretical and has not any practical aspect and professional experiences, nowadays. Therefore, the result of such education, in best case, has not any result except of training persons that have high mental capability. Therefore, they cannot afford to practice, and creativity is very low in professional works of graduated architectural students. In traditional societies, especially in Iran, structural teaching is based on man-to-man teaching or master and apprentice method like architecture. This type of education is slow and longsome, face-to-face and practical and in real scale conjugated by effect of professor manner on apprentice. Limitations of traditional societies in several fields and their social conditions were prepare enough leisure for such slow and longsome educating, but coming off the scientific evolutions, in 19th and 20th centuries and after industrial revolution chiefly, educating form has been changed also. Social evolutions caused to change in so many fields such as several levels of education, in Iran. In this article I proceed to evaluate the structure and contents of structural lessons and ultimately I'll extract the problems and defects is in the way of this educational system, then will present solutions for adjustment of those problems.
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