سنجش کیفیت زندگی شهری در کلانشهر تهران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
شناخت و سنجش کیفیت زندگی در نواحی کلانشهر تهران که معلول اقدامات مدیریت شهری و سایر نهادهای دولتی و خصوصی است، موضوع بسیار حیاتی است که با توجه به عدم سنجش کیفیت زندگی شهری در پهنه پایتخت تاکنون، می تواند زمینه ای برای ترسیم نقشه راهی برای مدیریت شهری و سایر نهادهای مسئول در جهت آگاهی از وضعیت موجود و اقدام برای تحقق صورت وضعیت مطلوب باشد. بر این اساس اهداف مقاله حاضر را می توان در استخراج شاخص ها و سنجه های جامع کیفیت زندگی شهری و اندازه گیری و تبیین کیفیت زندگی در سراسر نواحی کلانشهر تهران دانست. در تحلیل داده ها نیز بر اساس انتخاب رویکرد ذهنی در سنجش کیفیت زندگی از روش های مختلف تحلیل آماری مانند روش تحلیل عاملی استفاده شده است. یافته های پژوهش در بخش مطالعات نظری به مستندسازی و استخراج جامع بیش از 90 شاخص کیفیت زندگی از سه حوزه نظری پژوهش های آکادمیک، تجارب شهرهای معتبر خارجی و پژوهش های سازمانهای جهانی منجر گردید. در مراحل بعدی گردآوری داده ها، در قالب 12000 پرسش نامه در تمامی 114 ناحیه شهر تهران و تحلیل آنها با روش های یاد شده صورت گرفت. یافته های حاصل از اندازه گیری کیفیت زندگی در شهر تهران نشان داد که عوامل اصلی موثر بر کیفیت زندگی در کلانشهر تهران را نوزده عامل اصلی تشکیل می دهند.Measuring Quality of Urban Life in Tehran Metropolitan
<span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;">The main goal of the development plans is to create livable environment, better quality of life and residential satisfaction. Thus, the city managers desire to achieve this goal and plan a livable city for the people through the strategies, policies and intra-organizational programs, as well as making interaction with other influential administrations on the development of the city. As well as the urban development plans, the programs of the governmental and private organizations which somehow targeting the urban society, influence the quality of the people`s life. <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">Quality of life can be conceptualized as an overall<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">measure or as a measure based on experiences in a variety<span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;"> of domains, such <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">that the greater the satisfaction with<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">various life domains, including personal health, consuming,<span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;"> work, family and leisure, the <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">greater the satisfaction<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">with life in general<span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;">. <span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">Economic, subjective and social <span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;">indices can all shed light on a <span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">society’s quality of l<span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;">ife, as well as on how specific factors influence <span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">well-being.<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">QOL consists of two distinct global concepts with underlying domains: perceived QOL and<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">the environmental QOL<span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;">.<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> Perceived QOL domains includes<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">satisfaction with family life, friends, health<span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;">, partner and oneself <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">. The<span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;"> environmental QOL domains <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">include satisfaction with housing, schools, health services,<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">safety and security, roads and transport and jobs<span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;">.Thus<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';"> Measuring Quality of Life and analyzing the determinants of the differences in Qol between cities, neighborhoods and households is extremely important to provide inputs for policy action and to help determine priorities and actions for urban infrastructure and other interventions. <span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 8pt;">Therefore, evaluating the quality of Urban life in Tehran, being affected from many factors, for instance what the city managers and governmental and public organizations done, would be very crucial and could provide a framework to make a road map for the city managers to survey the existing situation and move toward the ideal situation. The main goals of this research are as: defining the indicators and measures for surveying the quality of life and measuring the quality of life in Tehran. According to the subjective approach of the evaluation, the research method is based on the survey method which applies questionnaires to collect data. To analyze the data, various statistical methods have been applied, e.g. factor analysis and regression analysis methods. During the process of the evaluating the quality of life in Tehran, different results have been achieved. The literature review of the study results in defining the theoretical framework and conceptual model of the research, as well as documenting more than 90 quality of life indicators from the academic researches, the experiences of other cities and the research of the international organizations. In the next sections, based on localized indicators, the data from 114 quarters of Tehran has been collected through 12000 questionnaires and then analyzed by the mentioned methods. The findings of the research reveals that the quality of life in Tehran consists of 19 key factors. Specifying the areas which have to be intervened and prioritizing the interventions according to the 114 quarters of the city of Tehran are the other important findings of the research.
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تبلیغات
