Babol

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family functioning and attitude towards delinquency in adolescents. Methodology: The research method was correlational. The statistical population of the study included all high school students in Babol in the academic year of 2016-2017. Among them, 689 people (334 boys and 355 girls) were selected by cluster sampling method. The research tool was Fazli’s questionnaire for attitude towards delinquency and McMaster family functioning scale. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between family functioning and its dimensions including problem solving, roles, communication, emotional attachment, emotional association, control, and attitude towards delinquency. Findings: The results of stepwise multivariate regression indicated that among the components of family functioning, only the component of roles explained the 0.03 of the variance of attitude towards delinquency. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that in schools, family education programs should have emphasized the family psychological empowerment and promotion of family functioning. Family counselors should also work on counseling sessions and work with families to improve family functioning, in particular, component of roles.

The body of residential complexes is affected by social interactions between residents over time. Of the most important places for social communications are bazaars as the backbone of Iranian cities. Ancient bazaar of Babol in north of Iran contains natural features which makes a special sense of place. This essay tries to answer to how concept of sense of place is presented and what are factors affecting on sense of place; in historical site of Babol. Theoretical study of essay is based on Interpretive and qualitative approach through written documentaries. In this way first; the concept of sense of place is reviewed. After an explanation about the bazaar and the city, important features defining the site and their relations are analyzed through phenomenological approach. Then symbolic elements are identified and classified in fixed, semi-fixed and non-fixed feature elements, and their role on creating a Sense of Place is investigated. Any of fixed feature elements of the studied area like doors, columns, roofs, windows and doorways, transfer significant architectural qualities. Semi-fixed feature elements containing wooden elements, roofs, furniture, symbolic inscriptions, hung lights and plants; make a sense of dependency and safety. Nonfixed feature elements containing peddlers, voices, odors and climatic conditions depend on activities in place, prove the existence of human and modify a personal territory or place-behavior .Existence of these elements in the environment not only gives us an experience of sociality and public activity; but they also create a sense of presence and dependency or sense of place.