Spatial Analysis

Purpose - Spatial equilibrium at different stages, especially at the district level, is the most significant purpose of spatial development planning that is the focus of attention in Iran's policy and planning system. In this regard, spatial recognition and analysis of the components and the criteria of eligibility are significant in the context of the existing development concept. By identifying the eligibility components of rural settlements, it is possible to identify low eligibility of spatial areas affected by adverse socio-economic and spatial processes. Accordingly, the research team attempted to examine this criterion in the district of Khorramabad. Design/methodology/approach - The research method was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population was the villages of Khorramabad county (Given the frequency of a statistical population, 150 villages out of 647 were selected as the sample using stratified- random sampling. The required data (35 indices) were collected by the library method (using population and housing census and statistical yearbook of 2016). Data analysis was done using FANP model (for summarizing the indices and determining their weight), VIKOR technique (for ranking the villages), and finally, path analysis test for determining the influence degree of the factors on the level of development. According to the research findings, the following results were obtained; Finding - The process of development in Khorramabad county, is in relatively in good condition. In this process, Integrated development has not been considered. Some components (access to services, economic participation and, economic welfare) are in good conditions while some other components (agricultural production, education and population growth) are not. These conditions resulted in a decline in some villages. The level of development in Khorramabad county has been confronted with spatial inequality not just in terms of topic-specific but an area-specific aspect. This inequality resulted in the formation of the center-periphery spatial pattern that causes the marginalization (and deterioration) of disadvantaged villages.

Purpose- The growing attention to rural development issues has created a strong trend in related scientific communities, as over the last few years one can see the traces of this thinking in many relevant scientific trends. One of the most important relevant subjects was job creation using the resources available in rural areas in line with their industrialization and the emergence of agro-processing industries. Spatial distribution of rural industries, spatial justice and their fair distribution based on the distribution of rural settlements have been among the most important concerns in this field. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the distribution of agro-processing industries with a spatial approach in rural areas of Gilan Province.  Design/methodology/approach- This research is an applied one conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. The collected data were analyzed using the average nearest neighbor, multi-distance spatial cluster analysis, mean center and standard deviational ellipse. Results showed that industries in rural areas of Gilan Province have been located in clusters. Finding- That is, their sites were selected with an eye to favorable conditions such as proximity to cities, population centers and markets, access to infrastructure, proximity to political and decision-making centers, access to major roads, access to more raw materials and cheaper agro-processing industries. Such industries are often located in the counties of Rasht, Rudsar, Astar, Talesh, Lahijan, Langrud and Sowmehsara. Therefore, the officials in charge should make plans to establish agro-processing industries in a more scattered and diverse manner in Gilan Province.    

The aims of this s tudy is to analyse the planning and design process, basic principles and the change-transformation process of the apartment type residential buildings in Turkey, Gaziantep city based on his torical background. The scope of the research consis ts of residential buildings built in the city of Gaziantep, which were built in the pos t-Republican period. In addition, s tate-building maps, zoning-city plans and plan disclosure reports, photographs and other materials are among the other materials. In this research, a method based on the spatial usage of the apartment buildings cons tructed in Gaziantep and the changes in the housing plan schemes and the spatial usage of these buildings and the changes in the housing plan schemes were followed. These changes are evaluated from the analysis of a series of variables ranging from parcel level to plan schemes, access graphs to spatial size and ratios. As a result of the s tudy, it was seen that the access graph and space sizes of the apartment-type residential buildings in the city of Gaziantep, which dates back to the 1960s, have changed. However, differences and variations are observed in the firs t plan typologies and it is noteworthy that this diversity is reduced and similar plan schemes are widely used.

In attempts to examine the mapped spaces of a literary narrative, various quantitative approaches have been deployed to extract data from texts to graphs, maps, and trees. Though the existing methods offer invaluable insights, they undertake a rather different project than that of literary scholars who seek to examine privileged or unprivileged representations of certain spaces. This study aims to propose a computerized method to examine how matters of space and spatiality are addressed in literary writings. As the primary source of data, the study will focus on Viet Thanh Nguyen’s The Sympathizer (2015), which explores the lives of Vietnamese diaspora in two geographical locations, Vietnam, and America. To examine the portrayed spatial relations, that is which country is privileged over the other, and to find out the underlying opinion about the two places, this study performs topic modelling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) by using TextBlob. In addition, Python is used as the analytical tool for this project as it supports two LDA algorithms: Gensim and Mallet. To overcome the limitation that the performance of the model relies on the available libraries in Python, the study employs machine learning approach. Even though the results indicated that both geographical spaces are portrayed slightly positively, America achieves a higher polarity score than Vietnam and hence seems to be the favored space in the novel. This study can assist literary scholars in analyzing spatial relations more accurately in large volumes of works.

Introduction: One of the main weaknesses and problems in the field of road accident management is the lack or non-use of appropriate information systems. The overall aim of this study is to reduce the impact of road accidents in the west, southwest, and south routes of Tehran Province, Iran, by designing Management Database responsible for road accidents. METHODS: This was an applied study performed using the descriptive-analytical method in which the data entry and analysis were conducted in the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment in line with the objectives. Then, according to different requirements of the various users, an appropriate analysis was performed on the layers and the software spatial analysis was applied in line with the main objective of the study. In the next step, the desired outputs were extracted from the system and the main output, i.e. the comprehensive database of spatial data required to manage road accidents, was provided to the management levels of various organizations for planning. FINDINGS: In this study, the accident-prone areas in the studied routes were identified using the kernel density estimation (KDE) method. CONCLUSION: Performing various analyses on geographical and descriptive information and providing appropriate outputs and also sharing them can play an effective role in reducing injuries caused by road accidents.

INTRODUCTION: Tehran is always exposed to various dangers due to its high population density. A geographic information system (GIS) can be very useful for reducing the financial and human burden caused by accidents, disasters, and diseases. METHODS: This field study was performed using a practical and descriptive research method. The pre-hospital emergency bases in the east of Tehran province and all the emergency bases covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in disasters were evaluated as a case study. The population of these cities amounted to 1,149,485 people and included cities in the east of Tehran province, Iran, including Damavand, Firoozkooh, Pakdasht, Pishva, Qarchak, and Varamin. FINDINGS: Rational maps were created and analyzed in the areas where emergency bases were located using ArcGIS software, as well as analysis of regions, distances, point density, and a combination of these factors. Regarding the standards and indicators, it was determined that the Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center needs to have130 emergency medical technicians, 23 ambulances, and one ambulance bus to equip the exiting emergency bases according to the standard pre-hospital regulations. Other requirements in this regard include the replacement of worn-out ambulances with new ones, construction of two emergency bases in Qarchak, Tehran, Iran, and three emergency bases in Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran, as well as the transfer of bases in the proximity of faults and flood-prone areas to safe places. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results, a comprehensive pre-hospital database was designed for the use of managers and officials in the occurrence of accidents, which might be used as a pilot work that can be expanded to other areas of Tehran, Iran, and other provinces in managing disasters and accidents.

INTRODUCTION: The network of relief centers, which is a connected set of relief centers, rescue points, and rescue routes, is of utmost importance during an earthquake. This study aimed to model this network to identify the aid-receiving points and rescue routes, followed by the development of plans to improve the aid-giving process during an earthquake. METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted based on an applied research method and a quantitative approach. The required data were obtained through the library method (documents). The data used in this study included location information of relief centers (hospitals, crisis management centers, Red Crescent centers) and the transportation routes among them. These pieces of information were collected from related plans and documents. The obtained data related to the location of relief centers were analyzed using Spatial Analysis, and Network Analysis tools were utilized to analyze the transportation routes among the relief centers. FINDINGS: The findings in this study revealed the right places for receiving aid and the rescue routes that deliver aid from the aid-giving to the aid-receiving centers in the central zone of Tehran in the shortest time. Moreover, the relief centers were ranked based on their importance during a crisis. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the number of required aid-receiving points in the central zone of Tehran through which the aid needed during a crisis can be delivered from rescue centers. The findings revealed which relief centers played a more significant role during an earthquake. The identification of these points and routes makes the provision of special planning possible during an earthquake.