مطالب

This study presents a critical diagnosis of in-service teacher-training activities offered to English language teachers in Iran and aims to investigate whether those teachers were fulfil their expectations. Forty-one English-language teachers participated in this study. Data were collected from 41 secondary-school teachers of English as a foreign language, using a general evaluation questionnaire prepared by Uysal (2012). To analyze the data, the researcher used the frequency and a t-test to answer the study\'s questions. According to the results, Iranian EFL teachers believed that the contents of teacher training programs were far from the reality of the actual classroom situations. The results also revealed that the teachers were not satisfied with their in-service teacher-training activities, which did not fulfill their needs. In this study, the teachers also offered suggestions for the subsequent in-service programs to be held effectively. .

Malware attack is growing day by day in cyberspace. And Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is also facing a hazardous type of situation due to attack of malware (malicious code, virus, worm etc.). Malwares target sensor nodes easily because, nodes are equipped with limited resources. Hence, security of WSN against malware attack is one of the imperative requisite. Malware spreads in the entire network wirelessly, which initiates from single infectious node and spread in the whole WSN. In this way the complete network comes under the security threat. Therefore, it is mandatory to apply the security technique through which to secure WSN against malware attacks. To secure WSN due to malware attacks a quarantine based model has been proposed. The proposed model consists of various epidemic states namely: Susceptible Carrier - Infectious - Quarantine - Recovered - Susceptible (SCIQRS). The model explained the propagation dynamics of malware in WSN and proposed a technique to prevent its propagation. The technique of quarantine along with recovery is to much effective in prevailing of malware propagation in WSN. For the determination of WSN stability and equilibrium points the expression of basic reproduction number has been obtained. Malware propagation is affected by different network parameters, which has been also discussed. The comparative investigation of proposed model has been carried out with existing model. The proposed model has been substantiated by simulation outcomes