مطالب

The present study aimed to study the relationship between teachers’ creativity, classroom management, age and gender. To achieve these goals, 70 Iranian EFL teachers participated in the study by filling out two questionnaires: Creativity Fostering Teacher Behavior Index developed by Soh (2000) ,and Behavior and Instructional Management Scale developed by Martin and Sass (2010). Analysis of the questionnaires revealed that there is a statistically positive significant relationship between teachers’ creativity and classroom management. In addition, the findings indicated that there is statistically significant difference across the three age groups regarding their attitudes towards creativity and classroom management. Likewise, it was revealed that there is significant difference between Iranian EFL male and female teachers concerning their attitudes towards creativity. However, the findings also indicated that there was not any statistically significant difference between Iranian EFL male and female teachers regarding their attitudes towards classroom management. The findings have implications for EFL teachers.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, due to population growth and resource constraints, cities are more vulnerable towards the crisis. Reducing the vulnerability of urban land use, with utilizing new approaches of crisis management such as passive defense, can be useful in creating a secure environment in cities. This is of the most important goals, planners and city managers are going to implement in cities; and how to deal with natural disasters, is of the major concerns of societies. This study aimed to evaluate city vulnerability in Mahabad City, Iran, based on the passive defense approach. METHODS: In this applied descriptive-analytical research, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was used to analyze the data, and Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to draw the maps. Then, to clarify the positive and negative features, or the opportunities and the threats, the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) technique was applied. FINDINGS: Based on the AHP model, the highest records were given to vital factors such as networks, fuel storage, water, and electricity, while the lowest records were given to higher education centers. Moreover, based on the SWOT analysis, the most important weaknesses of Mahabad City were as the compact and dense texture of the city, the low width of the most of the passageways, and the aggregation of major activities in the city center. CONCLUSION: Research results show that in Mahabad City, there is no comprehensive plan to secure citizens. Urban planning by relevant institutions and administrative councils does not fit the physical and human components of the city.

: The right to access to drug is not specified as an independent right in the international documents; and has been considered in the area of health, as one of the equipment of being healthy. Right to physical and mental health has been described and recognized absolutely as a foundational right in the international humanitarian rights documents. In this research, we studied the right to health and access to drug from the viewpoints of international human rights and humanitarian rights, and Iran provisions. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytic research, some of international documents about human rights and humanitarian rights, as well as some provisions of Iran and some related cases were studied using library research tools. FINDINGS: The importance of attention to right access to drug as a fundamental human right was emphasized in international and Iran documents. CONCLUSION: As the right access to drug is considered as a fundamental human right, it seems that a specific international covenant should be codified on this issue by the United Nation and other international competent organizations.

INTRODUCTION: Medical centers are directly involved in health of the individual and society and quick and cheap access to these centers in urban communities is of great importance. In providing urban services, considering some principles, including the principles of passive defense in structures, increases the efficiency of the urban system in the area of provision of better services to citizens and also the development of a sustainable city. This study aims to address the spatial analysis of medical centers in Omidiyeh City, Iran, based on the passive defense principles. METHODS: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The data collection method included the library and survey studies. The technique used in the analysis was also the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on the experts’ opinion and a pairwise comparison between the indicators in the geographic information system (GIS). FINDINGS: Combining the layers of population density, land use, communication network, medical centers, distance from industrial centers, and distance from fire stations as well as creating the final map, a suitable area for medical centers was identified. CONCLUSION: The study findings indicated that the distribution pattern of the health centers in Omidiyeh is not in accordance with the principles and criteria of passive defense and the establishment of new urban medical centers using the GIS capabilities in the city can be useful in providing services to citizens.

INITRODUCTION: The passive defense approach is one of the approaches in planning and organizing cities and residential complexes with the aim to reduce environmental hazards. Given the vital and sensitive position of cities, while preparing against military invasions, this approach provides special capabilities to cope with natural and human crises to a large extent. METHODS: This was an applied study conducted with a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected reviewing the relevant texts, sources, books, and articles, as well as examining maps, interviews, and observations. The data were then analyzed using the geographic information system (GIS) software. In the next step, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis technique was employed to investigate the strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats of Rasht City, Iran. FINDINGS: Rasht City accounts for a considerable part of the population, facilities, and services of Guilan Province, Iran, which will experience great damage in case of occurrence of a natural or human disaster. The SWOT analysis results revealed that the strategy obtained was of a defensive nature. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results obtained from the investigation of the sensitive land uses, it can be stated that the location of the land uses (particularly, sensitive and important ones) in Rasht does not follow the passive defense principles. In addition, the central areas of the city are more vulnerable due to the density of the important and sensitive uses in these areas. This implies that the city center is the most vulnerable area of Rasht in terms of the passive defense approach

INTRODUCTION: Relief workers are among the groups that are present in the site from the very first moments of an accident or disaster and perform relief tasks. Various studies have shown that relief is one of the stressful activities due to a set of factors during a crisis. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the effectiveness of the cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) on happiness and quality of life (QOL) among the relief workers of the Red Crescent Society in Shemiranat, Iran. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study with the pre-test and post-test design with a control group, out of all relief workers of the Red Crescent Society in Shemiranat City, 30 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups. Then, the subjects in the experimental group were placed under the effect of the independent variable (CBSM) during 20 hours (two 10-hour workshop sessions). The instruments used in the study included the Oxford Happiness and Quality of Life Questionnaires that were implemented in both groups in the pre-test and post-test stages. Finally, the data collected were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). FINDINGS: There was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores in the two experimental and control groups in the variables of happiness and QOL. CONCLUSION: CBSM training increased happiness and QOL among the relief workers of the Red Crescent Society.