مطالب

The study examined the quantity and quality of infrastructure in Ibadan, Nigeria with a view to using information to providing policy guidelines for sustainable infrastructural development. Using stratified sampling technique, a total of fifteen wards from the five local government areas in Ibadan metropolis were selected for study. The selection of all the local government areas is based on the fact that all of them cut across all the residential zones in the metropolis and them all spatially coverage at the centre of the city. Primary data for the study were collected through the questionnaire administered on 1,035 respondents (2% of household heads in all the residential buildings in the metropolis), using systematic sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse the data obtained. Findings showed that deviations about the mean of the satisfaction index of the facilities such as church and dispensary were higher than their respective FAI. Furthermore, findings revealed that these infrastructural facilities were very adequate to the residents, but the residents were not satisfied with their adequacy in the study area. These facilities were mosque, nursery/primary school and secondary school. This implied that these facilities were available and adequate to greatly satisfy the residents. Thus, the study concluded that infrastructure facilities in Ibadan metropolis were fair.

The present-day architecture of the present era represents the emergence of ethical issues arising from the ideas of the " Modern individual-oriented" and "Pos tmodern being oriented", such as the consideration of personal interes ts and the reduction of human relations. Therefore, the exis tence of such shortcomings requires the identification of an architecture that considers the individual and social morality of today's society based on transcendental values, such as Emmanuel Levinas' "attention to the other" philosophy, agains t the above ideas. The aim is to identify those architectural possibilities that, by providing the conditions for creating the moral relations considered in Levinas philosophy, resis t some of the shortcomings of the ethical issues of modern and pos tmodern schools. In this research, Levinas' thoughts with Modern and Pos tmodern schools are discursive analysis through three dimensions of humanism, human rights, and ethics, as three points of reliance and position in them. Then, in the framework of these three criteria, modern and pos tmodern thoughts are traced in between the architectural expressions and by comparing these traces of the concepts with key concepts in Levinas' thought, also by utilizing the sources of visual literacy and body theoretical foundations, identifies the architectural appearance of it. The result of the research shows that the architectural displays of Levinas' philosophy such as "impromptu", "centricity", "Attention to Family Scale" and "Kush" can be considered as possibilities other than the possibilities of modern and pos tmodern architecture, to improve some of the shortcomings in highlighting transcendental moral values.