مطالب

Today, we confront forces bringing spiritual and ethical values into business which have together has a meaningful concept for each business. Nowadays, the growing attention to ethical issues in workplaces has caused the organizations tend to set ethical codes. However, the results of recent studies show that the ethical organizations will obtain more benefits over a long period and will gain better financial and non-financial performance. So this issue has caused the ethical values of organization be an important part of the organization’s culture. Beside this, ethical issues have always been a noteworthy topic in tourism concepts. Therefore, the present research has examined the effect of ethical values and empathy on nonfinancial performance of tour operators in Tehran through the organizational commitment. The statistical population is composed of employees of tour operators and data were collected by the standard questionnaires. Results show that ethical values and empathy in workplace have a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment and following that non-financial performance of organization.

Recreation and entertainment are among the major objectives and intentions of tourism. The reasons put forward by tourists include escaping quotidian life and social interactions. Relying on the Muslim mystics’ view of the real nature of human being, this article offers an analysis of escaping quotidian life and environment in the discovery of real identity and studies the role of traveling in this regard. This analysis showed that from the Muslim mystics’ viewpoint, the real nature of humans is impoverishment and desperate need for a raison d’etre. Meantime, social interactions and affiliation with minor and major social groups overshadow such identity and create obstacles in the way of self-awareness. That explains why the disciples of Islamic Sufism were recommended retreatment. Even today, traveling and tourism provide such an opportunity for humans to distance themselves from the social groups and classes they belong to for some time and gain spiritual experience through a more precise perception of their own reality

  Diversity of economic activities, agglomeration of educational centers, concentration on technological initiatives and information generation, possession of the most important cultural centers, and arrangement of the most significant artistic and cultural events in Tehran Metropolis have provided a large-scale potential for cultural and educational activities and a special condition for cultural tourism development; however, tourism development plans adopted by Tehran officials are slight proportional to its regional capacities and have thus proved unsuccessful to reach a perceptible and appropriate tourism development. The chief objective borne by this research is, accordingly, identification of the factors and indices impacting on Tehran’s cultural tourism development, which, with respect to sundry commonalities of this type of tourism and creative and cultural industries, focuses on these factors, as well. Indices have been extracted through literature reviews and their content analysis. Using Delphi questionnaire, afterwards, experts’ and urban planners’ opinions and comments were extracted in two stages. Results of the first stage of Delphi questionnaires graded indices in Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Outcomes of the second stage were analyzed byMICMAC software to determine impacts and susceptibilities of the indices on each other. Results of the study show that the index Rules and Regulations is graded in the level 10 and the indices ‘ Suitable Institutional Partnership and Labor Division among Different Actors of Industry’, ‘Political and International Relations’, and ‘Existence of Cultural Tourism Attractions’ are graded in the level 9 aimed at development of Tehran Metropolis’s cultural tourism. In fact, indices of the levels 9 and 10 are fundamental ones to which more attention should be paid with regard to results of interpretive-structural analysis in development of Tehran cultural tourism.  

Traditional bazaars have been at the center of tourism attractions in the world and regardless of the passage of time and change in culture and people’s life, it has preserved its status. This paper aims to recognize the values, concepts and the inner meanings in bazaars of Kurdistan. In the case study of bazaars of Sananadaji and Asef located in Sanandaj and Qeisar-I Naqib bazaar located in Sulaymaniyah a pattern is presented to determine the main effective components on sense-making along with tourism development. For this purpose, qualitative-quantitative research methodology has been employed. In qualitative part of the research, some interviews with 16 experts have been conducted, and by applying open coding method, 105 keywords have been recognized and derived, which ends up creating a 74-question questionnaire in eight components. The questionnaire has been standardized by applying content validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and was distributed among people by applying Cochran sample size determination and stratified sampling, and considering the optimum allocation of 190 Persian questionnaires among the people in Sanandaj bazaar and 40 Kurdish questionnaires among people in Sulaymaniyah bazaar. The results of confirmatory factor analysis led to recognize five components; they were 38 percent of the total variance coverage. According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis, the final model based on the components was confirmed. Among those components, emotional-perceptual and technical-physical components with the highest factor loading have been recognized as the most effective components of sense-making in the aforementioned bazaars along with tourism development.

Today, the tourism industry is regarded as the most inclusive service industry worldwide that serves as a substantial source of economic prosperity (job creation, foreign exchange earnings, poverty mitigation, etc.) and elevated exchanges and social interaction. For this, areas with a high potential in tourism should take proper strategies to hold the economic and socio-cultural benefits of this industry. Free trade zones in Iran, particularly Kish, Qeshm, and Chabahar, can primarily consider the tourism industry and attract tourists to achieve economic goals, as declared in the law governs the establishment of free zones and also in the economic, social and cultural program of the country. Herein, this work attempts to identify appropriate strategies for tourism development in Qeshm Free Trade Zone to develop the tourism industry and economic-cultural sectors. For this, the strengths and weaknesses (internal factors) and opportunities and threats (foreign factors) were identified using the SWOT technique and the opinions of experts and specialists. The multi-criteria decision model ANP (an analytic network process) was used to prioritize and rank internal and external factors and determine the ultimate value of a collection of internal and external factors, aiming to prioritize and adopt the best strategy in the form of SO, WO, ST, and WT solutions. And the final value of each of these solutions was respectively 0.28, 0.39, 0.23, and 0.49. Initial results indicated the supremacy of the offensive strategy with the highest value (0.49) that is considered as the predominant strategy. The foremost strengths and opportunities in the region include investment in the private sector, security for tourists, the distribution and variety of tourist attraction sources, and the participation of indigenous people in the Qeshm region.