مطالب

Purpose : The objective of the present study was to identify and explain the current status of evaluating physical education curriculum of the primary schools to present and validate an optimal model. Methodology : The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of nature and the data were collected using Delphi method (interview with experts). The statistical population of the study included 10 experts in the field of primary school physical education in Lorestan Province who were selected selectively by purposeful sampling. Using Delphi method, after conducting the interview to ensure the validity of the data and results, research data were collected. The data collection tool using Delphi method was interviews with experts in the field of physical education, those involved and executive planners in the field of curriculum planning of the General Directorate of Education of Lorestan Province. For data analysis, Smart PLS software was used to identify the variables. In addition to mean comparison of values and standard deviation, Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance by SPSS software was used to determine the degree of consensus among panel members. Findings : The study results showed that 9 important elements of evaluating the physical education curriculum from the perspective of experts included objective, content, learning references, learning activities, implementation method, evaluation method, grouping, time and space. The model obtained from Delphi analysis and the view of experts is also presented. Conclusion : Evaluation makes it possible to improve curricula. Therefore, in the definition of curriculum evaluation, there is an orderly search for judging and agreeing on the value of a curriculum, in order to improve it to reduce the gap between current and optimal results. The study results can help physical education planners and teachers improve the physical education curriculum.

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the nature of multicultural teaching from the perspective of professors of Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah. Methodology : The approach of the present study is qualitative and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population includes a range of types of professors in the three fields of humanities, basic sciences and engineering of the Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah province. Snowball sampling is a non-random method. In this method, future members of the group are selected and introduced through former members of the group. The number of samples in this study is 27 after reaching the theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The findings were analyzed by content analysis method by MaxQDA software. Findings : The findings indicated that the nature of multicultural teaching includes the scope of teacher education, macro policies of the educational system, manpower, barriers and problems of multicultural teaching and teaching outcomes. Conclusion : Professors with a greater understanding of the multiplicity of students' culture, welcome multicultural teaching to improve the quality of teaching for all students and be able to overcome the challenges in this field with more reflection.

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important variables on which a lot of researches have been performed in the field of family studies. The aim of this study is to compare the themes of life stories in two groups of women with high and low marital satisfaction. Therefore, the present study is a causal-comparative research using the method of narrative research which consists of the research community of all married women in Isfahan in 2021, who were selected by coastal sampling method of 20 women (10 of whom get the highest score and 10 of whom get the lowest score of marital satisfaction) and they have received a semi-structured interview of McAdams' Life Story (2001); the interviews are then coded and the Mann–Whitney U test is used to compare the narratives. The obtained results show that there is a difference between satisfied and dissatisfied women in terms of the number of themes of communion, redemption and contamination; so that the two themes of communion and redemption in the narratives of satisfied women are significantly higher and the number of themes of contamination in these individuals is significantly lower than the group of dissatisfied women. Also, there is no significant difference in the number of agency themes among the narratives of the two groups of women. According to the obtained results, it can be said that the satisfied and dissatisfied people have different experiences of marital life, which can be observed from the stories of these people about their lives.

This study examined the challenges, perceptions and expectations of students and instructors involving ESP courses which are seen to be significant in determining the effectiveness of ESP programs in Iran setting. It was conducted with 180 students as participants who were requested to answer two kinds of questionnaires. Along with these questionnaires, six ESP instructors attended in semi structures interviews on the challenges of the course and their attitudes and expectations of the course. Additionally, the ESP courses at this university were observed to see how the process of ESP classes is. After obtaining the data through the observation, questionnaires and interviews, they were analyzed to get outcomes. The findings indicate some challenges and expectations which should be regarded in designing the ESP course to improve its quality in Iranian Universities. They include the low language proficiency of students, inexperienced instructors, lack of communicative activities, lack of use of productive language skills, along with the receptive language skills, overcrowded classes and irrelevant and outdated materials in ESP programs. As current instruction is limited to training unique vocabulary and reading via translating texts to the Persian language, the ESP course does not reflect any active participation and motivation of the ESP students and so it turns to be an ineffective course. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that these factors are regarded in designing ESP courses to attain the objectives the courses.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy interventions and the 12-step method in reducing drug temptation and reducing the projective defense mechanism of recovering addicts in Tehran province. The study method was pretest-posttest with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all recovering addicts in Tehran province in 1399, of which 58 people (30 people in the intervention group and 28 people in the control group) were selected using purposive non-random sampling. Data were collected using the Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40) by Anders et al. (1993) and Wright craving (2003). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance. The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that by controlling the effect of F-tests obtained on the variable mechanisms of projection and temptation "at the level of 0.05 is significant. In other words, there are significant differences in the post-test scores of these variables in the "experimental group" and the "control group". The results of univariate analysis of variance in the first to fourth hypotheses also showed the difference between the two intervention groups and the control group in the variables of drug temptation, defense mechanisms of denial, projection and splitting. It is concluded that short-term intensive scanning psychotherapy and the twelve-step method are effective in reducing drug temptation and reducing the projective defense mechanism of addicts.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-esteem on jealousy and organizational citizenship behaviors of the staffs of general sport and youth departments of western provinces of Iran. Methodology : The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study includes all managers, presidents and staffs of sport and youth departments in west of Iran with 300 persons (Kermanshah 72 people, Ilam 68 people, Hamedan 57 people, Lorsan 53 people and Kordestan 50 people) and the sample was considered as the whole population. The instruments used in this study were standard questionnaires of Rahmani et al. (2010) anti-citizenship behavior questionnaire, Vecchio organizational jealousy questionnaire (2000) and Gardner self-esteem questionnaire (2000) that their reliability was 0.962, 0.849 and 0.921, respectively. The questionnaires were reviewed by eight experts in management and their ambiguities were somewhat resolved. This demonstrates the acceptable appearance and content validity of the compilation tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics (variance-based structural equation modeling) were used to analyze the data. In addition, the research hypotheses were analyzed at the 0.05 level of error using Smart PLS3 software. Findings : The findings showed that organizational self-esteem had a significant and negative effect on organizational citizenship behavior and organizational jealousy, meaning that with increasing self-esteem, organizational citizenship and organizational jealousy would decrease. Conclusion : Organizations today are looking for new approaches in management, so that they can make the best use of their human and physical resources and increase their work efficiency. The main purpose of this study is to identify the effect of organizational self-esteem on organizational jealousy and anti-organizational citizen behavior.

Purpose : The aim of this study was the effectiveness of family therapy in Bowen's systemic approach on humor and intimacy of couples. Methodology : The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study was all couples in Tehran in 2020. The statistical sample size of the study is 50 couples who, after consultation and explanation of the research conditions and the satisfaction of the sample, are divided into experimental and control groups (25 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group). The experimental group was exposed to the Bowen systemic approach during eight sessions of family therapy, and the controls did not receive any training from the researcher. The research instruments were the Thompson and Walker Marital Intimacy Scale 1983 and the 2003 Martin Humor Questionnaire. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Findings : Data analysis showed that the experimental group in the post-test phase after receiving family therapy Bowen systemic approach in the variables of humor and intimacy had a positive difference compared to the control group and the research hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusion : Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that Bowen's systemic approach to family therapy has an effect on couples humor and intimacy.