مطالب

Background: Sports facilities are one of the most commonly used services in the city with a significant role in improving the physical and mental health condition of citizens thus a proper procedure is required to locate and distribute them. Aim : The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive model for the optimal location of sports facilities. Materials and Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytic based on information gathering and is applied research based on objectives. The opinions of 20 experts have been used to design the model using the Delphi method, and weighting the effective criteria in the sports facilities location. The weight of each criterion has been obtained as population density (0.47), access (0.31), development potential (0.14), and adjacency (0.08); furthermore, the Kendall coefficient of concordance (0.74) in the third step of the Delphi method shows the strong agreement between the experts, regarding the proposed model. The proposed model consisted of six steps: 1. Aim; 2. Verification of the functional area of the existing sport facilities and specific restrictions of the area; 3. Introducing and weighting the important criteria in the sports facilities location; 4. Identifying the most suitable locations for constructing the sports facilities; 5. Evaluating the needs of users; 6. Selecting the best spaces and prioritizing them. Results: The results of the model showed that the most important criteria for locating sport facilities are population density, access, development potential, and adjacency. Additionally, it was indicated that the agreement between the experts increased over time. Conclusion: According to the proposed model, it is possible to identify the points that are suitable for constructing the new sports facilities.

Background: Telomerase activity plays a key role in preserving telomere length which is important in cellular aging. There is evidence showing the link between sirt6, irisin, and telomerase activity.   Aim : The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic continuous training (ACT) on telomerase activity, sirt6, and irisin levels of healthy older adults. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy males (age: 60-70 years, weight: 68-72 kg) participated voluntarily to follow the 8-week program including 3 sessions per week. Rest ratio in HIIT training was 1:2 and the intensity corresponded to 90% of HRR. ACT intensity was progressive starting with 50% of HRR and finishing with 70% of HRR. Blood samples were taken in a 12-hour fasting situation, before and after the program. Results: Results showed a significant effect of training on serum telomerase and sirt6 in training groups, not the control group. Also, in comparison to ACT and the control group, serum irisin was significantly higher in the HIIT group. Conclusion: We concluded HIIT training is safe and efficient for older adults in terms of telomerase activity, sirt6, and irisin level and can be followed as a time-efficient training protocol.

Background: Transmembrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is as a myokine, metabolic regulator and potential therapeutic agent which is known as a potential trait for metabolism and obesity. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high intensity interval swimming training on circulating irisin and some metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal overweight women. Materials and Methods: Thirty postmenopausal overweight women (55.73 ± 2.66 years, 26.72±2.33 kg/m 2 ) were randomized into high intensity interval swimming training (n=15; HIIT) and control groups (n=15; CON). HIIT performed 6–10×30 s swimming interspersed by 2 min recovery for an 8-week period completing 24±1 session (average heart rate= 0.89±0.029% HRmax). Fasting blood samples were taken and body mass index was measured pre- and post-intervention. Results : In CON, there was not significant change in all measured variables before and after the intervention period. Irisin increased ( P <0.01) by 0.64±0.27 mg/ml in HIIT group. Insulin decreased ( P <0.01) by 0.96±0.36 mg/dl while the blood lipid profile P = 0.78 cholesterol, P =0.14 TG, P =0.10 HDL, P =0.52 LDL, systolic blood pressure ( P = 0.51), dyastolic blood pressure ( P = 0.75), and BMI ( P = 0.87) were unaltered. Conclusion: The result of present study showed that high intensity interval swimming trainings is an effectual and time-efficient training way for increasing irisin, and it can lead to compensatory irisin increases in postmenopausal overweight women.

Background: Drop landing is one of the tasks performed in many sports skills. Lower limb injuries have the highest prevalence in sports where jump landing is repeated frequently. One of the most common landing injuries is an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, which increases knee valgus and may contribute to an increased risk of ACL injury in athletes. In this situation, fatigue is one of the components that can affect various parameters of the landing task. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the acute and delayed effects of fatigue on the time to stability (TTS) of female gymnasts with and without dynamic knee valgus (DKV) during the landing task. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design, 42 female gymnasts were selected through purposive and available sampling and divided into two groups of 21: a control group without DKV and an experimental group with DKV. The TTS in these individuals was measured before, after, and 24 hours after the fatigue protocol using the Kistler force plate device. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and statistical methods of analysis of covariance with repeated measures at a significance level of P ≥0.05. Results: According to the findings of this study, it showed that there is a significant difference in the variable of TTS in three time periods (before, after, 24 hours after fatigue) in the control and experimental groups ( P = 0.026). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that plyometrics on the TTS are significantly different between people with DKV and without DKV, and people with DKV are necessarily at a greater risk of injury during landing tasks.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise combined with health literacy training on liver fat grade and body mass index in sedentary middle-aged men. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-posttest with a control group.  22 sedentary middle-aged man with a liver grade higher than 1 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into intervention (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. The subjects in the intervention group participated in the exercise training protocol for 8 weeks along with the health literacy training program, the control group did not have any intervention. Data were collected through liver ultrasound, blood sampling and body mass index measurement before and after the intervention and analyzed using ANCOVA test and SPSS20 software. Results: The results showed that exercise along with health literacy training improves liver fat content and reduces body mass index in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0% 5). Conclusion: This study showed that performing two interventions of exercise and health literacy simultaneously is effective in improving the fat content of the liver and body mass index of sedentary middle-aged men and prevents the development of advanced fatty liver.

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone density among older adults that can cause painful fractures and disability. One of the most important effective non-pharmacological interventions is having appropriate and continuous physical activity.  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase with femur bone mineral density in active and inactive men. Method: This study was semi-experimental. 35 active and 35 inactive elderly men aged 65 to 80 years with medical records were selected. Anthropometric characteristics, serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase of subjects were used as effective indicators of osteoporosis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between femur mineral density and serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 Software. Results: The results of this research showed that in both groups of active and inactive men, there was a significant relationship between serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase and femur mineral density (P≤0.05). No significant relationship was found between the height index and mineral density of the femur (P≥0.05). Conclusions: In general, the results show that there is a significant relationship between bone density and weight, age, calcium, phosphorus, and serum alkaline phosphatase of all subjects, and the effect of exercise on other bone density indicators can be investigated.

Purpose: The aim of this research was the effect of 4 weeks of interval training and Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) on the initial recovery of respiratory muscle strength in inactive people. Method: This research was semi-experimental. The statistical sample of this research consisted of 30 healthy and inactive students of Shahrood University of Technology with an average age of 30±10 years. Subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups (IMT, Interval and Sham exercises). The parametric test of one-way analysis of variance with repeated measurement and dependent t-test with 95% confidence was used with SPSS 26 softwar. Results: Inspiratory muscle strength showed a significant increase in IMT and interval training groups (P<0.05). Also, the time to return to the initial state of respiratory muscle strength decreased significantly in all three groups (P>0.05), the largest decrease was related to the IMT and sham exercise groups, and the interval exercise group experienced a smaller decrease than the other two groups. Conclusions: It seems that IMT training is more effective than interval training in increasing the strength of respiratory muscles and improving the return to the initial state of the strength of these muscles.

Purpose- The purpose of the current research is to present a community-based tourism model in the mountain villages of Nowshahr County in Mazandaran province.Methodology- This research was conducted in two stages. In the qualitative part, a semi-structured and in-depth interview was conducted with 20 tourism activists, handicrafts and university experts with a theoretical and targeted method, and the analysis of the interviews was conducted with a Grounded Theory method. The classical grounded theory was done with the help of MAXQDA software. In the quantitative part Lawshe index have been used and in order to test the paradigm model, the final questionnaire was distributed among 384 people of Kojur mountain villages in a cluster and available method. In the last stage, by using Smart PLS software the structural model was examined. Findings- The community-based tourism model of mountain villages obtained in this research includes six components. Causal factors include two "Mental" and "Behavioral" components, contextual factors include three "Group", "Family" and "Individual" components, intervening factors include four "Infrastructural" and "Political-Law" components, "Economic" and "Socio-Cultural", strategies including four "Developmental", "Marketing and Product", "Financial" and "Educational" components and finally the consequences including three "Social-Cultural", "Environmental" and "Economic" components. Also, the main phenomenon in this model was "passion for action".Practical implications- Considering the problems of tourism in the mountainous villages of Kojur region, it is possible to develop community-based tourism by reducing the obstacles identified and strengthening the contexts by adopting development strategies, marketing and product, finance and education and created positive consequences.Original/value- By knowing and gaining insight into the formation process of community-based tourism in Kojur mountain villages and its effective factors and consequences, it is possible to develop better and more effective this type of tourism in the region.

Although the EFL teachers' challenges in developing and enhancing Professional Identity Formation (PIF) in face-to-face and virtual instruction contexts have extensively been explored, there were a limited set of practical and advantageous strategies, particularly for the novice teachers, in promoting their PIF in E-teaching especially since the emergence of changed priority of teaching contexts amid the COVID-19 outbreak. Accordingly, this study attempted to check the Iranian novice EFL teachers’ PIF, uncover the potential impacts of utilizing Online Image Management (OIM) strategies in promoting their PIF, and identify the most-preferred OIM strategies. Based on the convenience sampling, 184 male and female Iranian novice EFL teachers were selected to participate in this quasi-experimental study. Two instruments, including a Questionnaire of Perceived Professional Identity (QPPI) and a series of Quantitative Online Interviews (QOIs), were used to collect the data via the virtual platform of Survey Planet. The descriptive statistics and Independent Samples t-Test packages in R were utilized to analyze the data. The results confirmed the low levels of professional identity among Iranian novice EFL teachers, verified the significant effects of OIM strategies in promoting PIF of Iranian novice EFL teachers, and shed light on reflection practices and strategies in enhancing digital literacy as the most-favored OIM strategies in promoting PIF among these teachers. This study may provide implications for EFL teachers and trainers in helping novice EFL teachers to promote their PIF with OIM strategies.