مطالب

Introduction : The issue of developing arbitration on persons other than parties to the arbitration is one of the issues that are disputed by legal scholars. In the arbitration agreement, no person, except the parties to the agreement, is bound to arbitration and has no right to invoke it. Prohibiting the extension of the effects of the arbitration agreement to persons outside the contract is accepted, but it should be noted that the persons who sign a contract are not always its real parties. Therefore, the current study was formed with the aim of investigating the role of ethics in the development of arbitration clauses towards third parties in Iran. Material and Methods : In order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to legal books in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2011 to 2021 were examined from the databases of Magiran, Civilica, Sid, and Ensani. Conclusion : A creditable nature is not limited to external signs such as correspondence or names included in the contract, but it is a creditable fact that may prove that the works of the contract belong to a person who was not present when the contract was concluded and his name has not even been mentioned. The real original theory, which has found a special place in contract law today, is the result of the challenge faced by lawyers in this field. In fact, the ethical basis requires that every person accepts the obligation or action that is related to the rights and obligations of the arbitration parties and does not shy away from responsibility. On the other hand, no one should be held responsible for the obligations of others, and the development of the arbitration clause should not cause losses to third parties. Therefore, the development of the arbitration clause must be done within the bounds of the obligations.

Introduction : Considering that it is necessary to pay attention to ethical values ​​in marketing and also limited research has been done in this field in our country. The present research aims to study the impact of social commerce on the electronic loyalty of customers with an emphasis on ethical values ​​among customers of Shahre Ketab in Iran. Material and Methods : This research includes two qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, the community included all managers of Shahre Ketab Institute and the statistical sample included 12 managers of Shahre Ketab. The method used in the qualitative phase was the meta-synthesis. In the quantitative phase of the research, the statistical population included experts selected in the qualitative phase. The techniques used included fuzzy Delphi and interpretive structural modeling. Excel and MATLAB software were used to analyze the data of this section. Results : The findings of the qualitative section indicated the extraction of 196 primary codes and 23 components for the variable of social commerce and 64 primary codes and 15 components for the electronic customer loyalty variable. Based on the findings of the quantitative phase, among the 23 components of social commerce, 6 components were approved, and among the 15 components of electronic ethical loyalty of customers, 5 components were approved. Based on the results of interpretative structural modeling, the components of social business were placed in three levels. Conclusion : Considering the importance of the role of moral values ​​of customers in creating electronic loyalty in the context of social commerce, it is necessary to pay attention to the role of ethical values ​​and the effects of this variable on creating electronic loyalty of customers.