مطالب

(1) Background: The article proposes a methodical procedure for assessing the risk of implementing the diversification strategy of an industrial enterprise based on of management information technologies. The result of which was the improvement of the solution of practical tasks of the diversification strategy with the help of economic and statistical modeling; (2) Methods: the article proposes a methodology for assessing the risk of implementing a diversification strategy, which is based on modeling a portfolio of strategies using economic and statistical indicators: mathematical expectation; dispersions; covariances; (3) Results: As a result of the approbation of the methodical approach, the issue of optimization of complex diversification plans of enterprises in the conditions of the implementation of information technologies was considered. This approach is based on achieving such a structure of diversification of the enterprise, when the expected efficiency will be the maximum possible, and the expected risk will be the lowest. The solution to this problem was realized on the example of product diversification, when the enterprise decides to open the production of several heterogeneous goods; (4) Conclusions: It was concluded that combinations of key success factors distinguish one segment from another, then there are always factors that are part of several or many areas. The obtained calculations showed the possibility of using this methodical approach when assessing the risk of implementing a diversification strategy in the conditions of the introduction of information technologies. The possibility of its use in the context of justifying the choice of a variant of a diversified production portfolio of an enterprise organized on the basis of management information technologies is considered.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been employed in various real-time applications and addressed fundamental issues, such as limited power resources and network life. Several sensor nodes in a WSN monitor the actual world and relay discovered data to base stations. The biggest issue with WSN is that the sensors have a limited lifetime and use much electricity to relay data to the base station. This paper proposes an improved PSO-based Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (EDEEC) algorithm to extend the network's life and reduce power consumption. Clustering is the process of forming groups of sensor nodes. The cluster aims to improve the network's scalability, energy efficiency, and other characteristics. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is modified to obtain energy-efficient WSNs. The assessment is based on the essential WSN characteristics, including network lifetime and energy efficiency (power consumption). Compared to LEACH, HEED, and DEEC, our proposed IPSO-EDEEC uses less energy.

Retailers need to take care of their customers and attract new customers through introducing and advertising their products, considering that social network marketing communication has created a new and profound transformation in businesses. Retailers need to exploit and be more effective. Making their connections in the created space. Therefore, in this research, we present a model for the effectiveness of marketing communication in social networks for the first time in the retail industry in Iran. The statistical population of the research was determined by using targeted sampling among experts, including academic professors and marketing managers of retail companies, and using coding in the software, four main themes were extracted from interviews with the statistical population and related to the subject of research and information. Among the researcher's notes, the codes (concepts) of branding, brand preference, sales increase, word of mouth, and commercial advertising have been the most frequent. This model can be used by retail owners and business managers to create a sustainable competitive advantage through social networks, increasing the effectiveness of market communication.

Financial markets are currently experiencing sharp volatility. Studying how the returns and volatility in one market affect other markets has always been one issue that helps investors and policymakers to make optimal decisions. Given the importance of volatility spillovers in the Iranian financial market, this study aimed to investigate the mechanisms behind the volatility spillovers in the foreign exchange, gold, and stock markets to the oil market in Iran. This descriptive study was conducted using the daily and monthly data from the oil, foreign exchange, gold, and capital markets from 2010 to 2019 and to analyze the data, ARCH and GARCH models have been used. The results of this study showed that the abnormal volatility of the foreign exchange and gold in the previous day positively affects the abnormal volatility of the oil market today, this indicates that money flows in the currency market, spilling over the fluctuations into the oil market. hey also found that the abnormal volatility of the capital market in the previous day negative affects the abnormal volatility of the oil market today, indicating that if money flows in the capital market, which indicates the flow of money in the capital market from yesterday, increasing the transfer of emotions to the current capital market but does not spillover into the oil market and volatility is not transferred into the oil market. Overall, the findings of this study confirmed the positive impact of the foreign exchange and gold markets on the abnormal volatility in the oil market in the short term (daily) and long term (monthly), but did not confirm the positive impact of the capital market on the abnormal volatility in the oil market.

Greenwashing is considered as a deliberate and conscious deception of the consumer in relation to the environmental activities of an organization or the environmental benefits of a product, which has adverse consequences for various groups, including consumers, stakeholders and the environment, therefore, the purpose of this article was to analyze the different angles of greenwashing in the real context of the companies active in the dairy industry, as well as to identify and explain this phenomenon. The philosophy of this research is interpretive, its approach is qualitative, and the strategy used is grounded theory based on the emergent approach. The studied community included managers and activists of the dairy industry and related organizations, 15of whom were selected through purposive sampling until reaching theoretical saturation, and the research data was collected through semi-structured interviews. In order to check the strength of the research, the four criteria of reliability, transferability, reliability and verifiability have been used. The relevant data analysis has been done using MAXQDA software and open, central and selective coding processes, and during continuous comparison, 427codes, 27concepts, 11categories and 2categories have been obtained. which has led to the emergence of the final model of research around the central category under the title of "companies greenwashing actions" model. The mentioned model includes the causes and results related to the central category of the research. In general, this study, by explaining the greenwashing measures theory, has provided the necessary platform for understanding this category of measures as well as their control and prevention.

Nowadays, according to the increasing trend of environmental changes and developments, organizations and companies need different strategic entrepreneurship models to respond effectively to their environmental needs. Therefore, this article is trying to systematically examine the findings of the studies conducted in this regard by using the meta-combination method and analyzing them based on the formation process and the output achievement. For this purpose, by referring to the reliable documents and documents available on the sites and checking the information from English sources from 2000 to 2019 and Persian from 2001 to 2019, among the mass of primary articles, 88 articles related to the research topic were identified. In order to analyze the selected articles, constituent concepts, and influential components, the content analysis method was used, and to validate the extracted concepts, the Delphi panel method was used with the presence of 8 experts. At the end of the research findings in the form of 5 components (leadership, attitude, resources, opportunism, and innovative learning), 10 sub-components (individual characteristics, management characteristics, organizational, cultural, social, financial, non-financial, the path of discovery and creation, exploitation, education and creativity and innovation) and 49 concepts were identified and classified. Also, the rank and importance of experts' opinions about the components of strategic entrepreneurship are in the order of leadership characteristics, opportunism, innovative learning, attitude, and resources.

Introduction: According to the flood records in Mazandaran province, this region is regarded as one of the flood-prone regions of the country, and due to the floods, it has suffered many casualties and financial losses. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the settlements at risk of flooding as one of the main goals of this research. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted based on extensive and exploratory research approaches. The required data were collected from monthly discharge and the maximum instantaneous discharge in the stations of Mazandaran province along with the population statistics of the provincial cities, as well as the statistics of the Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization concerning the floods. Accordingly, the statistics of hydrometric stations from 1971 to 2021 of Iran's water resources management main company, the population statistics of the province based on the census of 2015, and the statistics of floods that occurred from the beginning to 2021 have been used in this study. Flood return periods were obtained in the study stations in different statistical distributions using Hyfa software. Finally, Arc GIS software (version 10.3) was used to zone floods in Mazandaran province. Findings: Based on the results, about 1013 square kilometers of the province's surface accounting for 4.25% of its total area is located in the boundaries of large floods that have a return period of 50 to 100 years. Moreover, due to the high altitude, rainy-snowy events, and the significant amount of precipitation in Sarab (Dali Chai and Lar basins) and Payab, Haraz basin has a significant runoff rate discharge so that about 500 to 600 liters of water flow from this basin annually per square meter. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, strategies have been proposed to increase resilience against flood risk using different methods.

Letter to the Editor

INTRODUCTION: Lack of a comprehensive classification of crisis and emergency management in Helal houses has caused many losses in the Red Crescent Society of Iran. Therefore, the root of these problems can be identified and investigated with a thorough investigation. METHODS: This applied research was conducted using a hybrid design. In this research, field and library methods were used. The data were collected by using questionnaire and conducting in-depth interviews with managers, specialists, and experts of the country's crisis management organization and professionals until theoretical saturation. In the first stage, 24 interviews were conducted and we reached theoretical saturation in the 20th interview. In the second stage, relying on inferential statistics methods, 422 questionnaires were distributed. The statistical population of the research is the Red Crescent Society of Iran and its time domain is the second half of 2022. FINDINGS: After performing the three stages of open, central, and selective coding, the final research model was obtained in which, 6 general categories, 15 subcategories, and 49 main concepts are mentioned. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the categories of human resources, organizational communication, and government policies are among the effective factors on crisis management in Helal houses in the Iranian Red Crescent Society in the critical condition of Covid-19 and the consequences of these categories have a significant impact. There are other problems and crises in the formation.

INTRODUCTION: The achievement of organizational goals depends on the ability of employees to perform the assigned tasks and adapt to the changing environment. The implementation of training and improvement of human resources allow people to effectively continue their activities and increase their efficiency in accordance with organizational and environmental changes. The present study aimed to assess the impact of information and communication technology on self-directed learning among Employees at the Red Crescent Society of Tehran. METHODS: This research was applied-descriptive and survey-type. The statistical population of the current research included all 1800 employees at the Red Crescent Society of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 317 subjects were selected by simple random sampling and answered the questionnaires. To check the variables of the research, a 73-item questionnaire was used, which assesses the two variables of information and communication technology and self-directed learning. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts' opinions, and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha method. Research hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling using LISREL software. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the indicators of the questionnaire, and the model of path coefficients and significant coefficients was applied to examine the hypotheses. FINDINGS: The results of the analyses demonstrated that information and communication technology and each dimension of using computers, media (radio and television), the Internet, educational software, and mobile phones had a significant positive effect on self-control, willingness to learn, and self-management among the employees at Red Crescent Society of Tehran. CONCLUSION: In every organization, the management must make sure that the employees recognize the importance of learning since it is a key factor in the success of the organization. It is necessary for the management of every organization to remove mental models and old beliefs and, considering the role of information technology in learning and creating transformations in learning methods, provide the grounds for its application among employees.

INTRODUCTION: An earthquake is a major natural disaster with widespread and great effects on human life and nature. Taking care of the basic needs of earthquake victims is an essential step that should be addressed immediately. Moreover, the evaluation of various problems after disasters, especially earthquakes, is of crucial importance for the affected people. The management of humanitarian aid and public assistance among these affected people is considered one of the most important post-earthquake concerns. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the post-earthquake challenges and strengths of providing humanitarian aid services in Sisakht, Yasuj, in February 2019. METHODS: This qualitative case study was conducted from March 2019 to July 2020. The studied population consisted of 20 participants including medical staff (n=10), clergy (n=2), crisis managers (n=4), and military personnel (n=4). The required data were collected through observation and semi-structured interviews, which continued until data saturation. To evaluate the reliability of the data, the strategies recommended by Guba were used. The data were analyzed by conventional content analysis based on the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. FINDINGS: The advantages and strengths of this study included humanitarian cooperation and coordination, as well as the timely presence of relief and rescue teams and law enforcement agencies from the post-earthquake first hours, which had a great impact on reducing the suffering of people. The challenges in providing post-earthquake services included health, medical, management, geographical, and spatial concerns and issues related to the earthquake victims (relief goods distribution problem and inappropriate information dissemination as the main challenges). CONCLUSION: Effective and appropriate management policies regarding the management of providing post-earthquake services and elimination of the structural and managerial obstacles can improve the operation and management of humanitarian aid.

INTRODUCTION The phenomenon of organizational insentience has been one of the main challenges in recent years and refers to a situation in which the employees of an organization have become indifferent to their organizational environment. The current research was conducted to investigate the causes and contexts of the formation of organizational insentience in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province, Iran. METHODS: This applied study was conducted based on the descriptive-correlation method of data collection. The statistical population of this research included all the managers of Red Crescent Society in Tehran province in 2021. The samples (n=90) were selected using Cochran's statistical formula and stratified random sampling. The required data were collected using a researcher made organizational insentience questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked and confirmed. The collected data were analyzed in Smart PLS software using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach. FINDINGS: The results of the research showed that causal conditions had a direct, positive, and significant effect on the central category with a standard beta coefficient of 0.725, t=17.625, and P=0.001 at the level of one percent error. Moreover, contextual conditions with a beta coefficient of 0.410, t=3.107, and P=0.002 had a direct, positive, and significant effect on the category of strategies at the level of one percent error. Intervening conditions had a direct, positive, and significant effect on strategies at the level of one percent error (standard beta coefficient=0.221, t=3.008, and P=0.003). The central category had a direct, positive, and significant effect on the strategy category with a beta coefficient of 0.334, t=2.282, and P=0.023 at the five percent error level. Based on the results, at one percent error level, the strategies presented in the research had a direct, positive, and significant effect on the outcomes (standard beta coefficient=0.347, t=3.769, and P=0.000). In total, the results showed the existence of organizational insentience in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province, which can be reduced by applying appropriate methods. CONCLUSION: According to the findings, by reducing the sense of meaninglessness, double standards, eliminating organizational discrimination, applying appropriate procedures in strategies and their implementation, paying attention to the structural dimensions of the Red Crescent Society in Tehran province, and implementing meritocracy management, it would be possible to increase organizational social capital, the level of interest, commitment, and responsibility of employees towards the Society and work, organizational independence, organizational justice, the atmosphere of trust, and supportive behaviors from the Society and employees. By adopting these measures, a step would be taken toward preventing the formation of organizational insentience in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province.