مطالب

Investigating banks’ status has always been a concern to its management and regulatory decisions, which can be carried out by means of income diversification and CAMEL composite. The importance of income diversification is to decline the operation risk. The soundness of banking is also another essential component in the banking industry that can be evaluated by CAMEL. This article’s two primary goals are computing CAMEL composite index and investigating the relationship between income diversification and banking soundness, using CAMEL composite index within the financial statements of 16 Iranian banks between the years 2010 to 2017. This study applied an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to compute the CAMEL composite calculated by arithmetic mean in the previous studies. In addition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) has been used to calculate income diversification. The generalized method of moments (GMM) panel model has been utilized to study the relationship between variables. The result of EFA confirms two factors: financial ability and financial performance. The result of GMM panel model shows a positive and significant relationship between financial ability and financial performance on income diversification.

Purpose: Today, the media has an effective role in human life and based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a pattern of media influence on the spread of life insurance culture. Methodology : This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The study population was the managers of Iran Life Insurance Company in 1400 year, which based on the theoretical saturation principle number of 15 people were selected by purposive sampling method. To collect data were used from semi-structured interviews, which their validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and their reliability by Cohen's Kappa coefficient method was obtained 0.78. Finally, the data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method based on the grounded theory in Maxquda software. Findings : The results of the analysis showed that the pattern of media influence on the spread of life insurance culture had 79 indicators in 24 sub-categories and 6 main categories; so that the main category of causal conditions included 3 sub-categories of media management development, strengthening insurance culture and dynamic interactions, the main category of contextual conditions included 3 sub-categories of media patterns diversity, media awareness and cultural capabilities of mass media, the main category of intervention conditions included 3 sub-categories of media transparency, media space and audience characteristics, the main category of the central phenomenon included 3 sub-categories of media structural requirements, media management requirements and media forces requirements, the main category of strategies included 3 sub-categories of evaluation of positioning process, evaluation of target media selection process and evaluation of media channels and the main categories of outcomes included 3 sub-categories of competitive advantage, development of culture insurance and market and design practical strategies. Finally, the pattern of media influence on the spread of life insurance culture based on grounded theory was drawn. Conclusion : The results indicated the identification of many categories and indicators in the pattern of media influence on the spread of life insurance culture. Therefore, in order to spread of life insurance culture, it is necessary to provide the ground for improving the identified indicators and categories.

This research generally aimed to gain a better understanding of the stop voicing contrast in Khuzestani Arabic (KhA) by focusing on VOT and vowel onset f0. The potential effects of voicing status, place of articulation, vocalic context, and gender on the word-initial VOT and f0 measurements were investigated. 15 females and 15 males were asked to repeat 31 authentic words three times out of context with no marked intonation pattern. The results showed significant differences between VOT and f0 values as a function of voicing status, among others. In addition word-initially, the statistical analysis indicated significant place-dependent and vocalic-related VOT variations in the context of VOICELESS stops, whereas for f0 the effects of gender, place of articulation, and vocalic context were significant both at the VOICED and VOICELESS levels. Word-initially, in KhA /b, d, ɡ/ are produced with voicing lead, while their VOICELESS counterparts /p, t, k/ have long lag, and the two stops with no VOICED cognate /tˁ, q/ make use of short lag. Overall, KhA exhibits a two-way laryngeal contrast system, and similar to Swedish the two opposite ends of VOT continuum are utilized. Logistic regression models were executed separately for both genders to predict the levels of voicing status and emphaticness. The results revealed that in voicing contrast more weight was given to VOT compared to f0. Lastly, Pearson’s correlation showed a significantly positive linear relationship between the two acoustic parameters in marking the voicing feature of VOICELESS plosives.