مطالب

The aims of this s tudy is to analyse the planning and design process, basic principles and the change-transformation process of the apartment type residential buildings in Turkey, Gaziantep city based on his torical background. The scope of the research consis ts of residential buildings built in the city of Gaziantep, which were built in the pos t-Republican period. In addition, s tate-building maps, zoning-city plans and plan disclosure reports, photographs and other materials are among the other materials. In this research, a method based on the spatial usage of the apartment buildings cons tructed in Gaziantep and the changes in the housing plan schemes and the spatial usage of these buildings and the changes in the housing plan schemes were followed. These changes are evaluated from the analysis of a series of variables ranging from parcel level to plan schemes, access graphs to spatial size and ratios. As a result of the s tudy, it was seen that the access graph and space sizes of the apartment-type residential buildings in the city of Gaziantep, which dates back to the 1960s, have changed. However, differences and variations are observed in the firs t plan typologies and it is noteworthy that this diversity is reduced and similar plan schemes are widely used.

The present-day architecture of the present era represents the emergence of ethical issues arising from the ideas of the " Modern individual-oriented" and "Pos tmodern being oriented", such as the consideration of personal interes ts and the reduction of human relations. Therefore, the exis tence of such shortcomings requires the identification of an architecture that considers the individual and social morality of today's society based on transcendental values, such as Emmanuel Levinas' "attention to the other" philosophy, agains t the above ideas. The aim is to identify those architectural possibilities that, by providing the conditions for creating the moral relations considered in Levinas philosophy, resis t some of the shortcomings of the ethical issues of modern and pos tmodern schools. In this research, Levinas' thoughts with Modern and Pos tmodern schools are discursive analysis through three dimensions of humanism, human rights, and ethics, as three points of reliance and position in them. Then, in the framework of these three criteria, modern and pos tmodern thoughts are traced in between the architectural expressions and by comparing these traces of the concepts with key concepts in Levinas' thought, also by utilizing the sources of visual literacy and body theoretical foundations, identifies the architectural appearance of it. The result of the research shows that the architectural displays of Levinas' philosophy such as "impromptu", "centricity", "Attention to Family Scale" and "Kush" can be considered as possibilities other than the possibilities of modern and pos tmodern architecture, to improve some of the shortcomings in highlighting transcendental moral values.

Architecture as a designerly way of thinking and knowing is to interact with its environment. The manuscript is to speculate “interactive form-generation” based on high-performance architecture theory, and discuss the precursors and the potentials. The research aims to explore and determine the roots, aspects of interactive architecture as a part of performance-based design in contemporary architecture. The research question opens a designerly perspective as an umbrella term that can include many streams of architectural paradigms. Emancipatory new-interpretivism is the research philosophy which is employed alongside deductive reasoning, logical argumentation research paradigm, descriptive research method and cross-sectional study. Based on methodology of the manuscript, the research is to addresses related phenomena, their relationship and interaction. The results of the research show that interactive architecture is an umbrella to address a wide-range of architectural emerging streams such as: 1- The evolutionary architectural trends include kinetics, responsive, smart, responsive and intelligent environment. 2- The emerging phenomena in the field such as leading sci-tech approach toward architectural design process including cybernetics, artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN), and agent based modeling. The conclusion of the research indicates that the interactive architecture branched off from high-performance architecture theory. The conclusion emphasizes on: 1- Designerly flexibility: better space efficiency, flexibility, intelligence, and smartness; 2- Energy efficient form-generation: using less energy and offering more thermal-visual comfort; 3- Mathematical-algorithmic thinking: the integration of internet of things (IoT), robotics, and kinetics. 4- Futurism: a platform for outlining future architecture and architecture of the future.

The study examined the quantity and quality of infrastructure in Ibadan, Nigeria with a view to using information to providing policy guidelines for sustainable infrastructural development. Using stratified sampling technique, a total of fifteen wards from the five local government areas in Ibadan metropolis were selected for study. The selection of all the local government areas is based on the fact that all of them cut across all the residential zones in the metropolis and them all spatially coverage at the centre of the city. Primary data for the study were collected through the questionnaire administered on 1,035 respondents (2% of household heads in all the residential buildings in the metropolis), using systematic sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse the data obtained. Findings showed that deviations about the mean of the satisfaction index of the facilities such as church and dispensary were higher than their respective FAI. Furthermore, findings revealed that these infrastructural facilities were very adequate to the residents, but the residents were not satisfied with their adequacy in the study area. These facilities were mosque, nursery/primary school and secondary school. This implied that these facilities were available and adequate to greatly satisfy the residents. Thus, the study concluded that infrastructure facilities in Ibadan metropolis were fair.