درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This article explores the design principles for building houses with 3D printers. This study provides an overview of the architectural principles needed to design houses using this technology. The absence of these foundations can cause unsuitable designed forms for this technology. The analysis in this research includes a wide range of relevant articles, and we have found many approaches to the architectural design of 3D-printed houses. This review addresses many aspects of materials, printer types, construction sites, structures, and architecture. The results of this research will help architects understand the dos and don'ts of designing these kinds of housing and raise awareness in the design phase. Moreover, it will prevent errors during construction. In conclusion, constructing houses with 3D printers is the best for small one-story houses. Houses with hand-reinforced concrete and glass fibers in curved forms have a free plan designed by digital design. The point that must be added is that by combining structural systems with traditional roofs, we can add to the number of floors, allowing us to use more of this technology.

The use of urban streets as an element of urban life is jeopardized today, particularly In rising metropolises such as Tehran, due to the rapid rise in automobile ownership, population expansion, ineffective transit systems, poor quality urban architecture, and other challenges. On the other hand, there are various potential to efficiently drive urban growth toward sustainability in an era of digitalization, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. It implemented that the use of new urban technologies is looking for methods and incentives to encourage today's citizens to walk more. This research attempts to address the question “does smartification of urban spaces significant impact on walkability”? This paper examines the effect of smartification defined as the incorporation of digital technologies and IOT solutions on walkability in urban spaces. By analyzing design of pedestrian path with various smart initiatives, such as gamification, pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, and digital solutions, this study seeks to understand how these innovations contribute to creating more walkable environments. This study used a quantitative approach to test its assumptions, and SPSS software and a questionnaire were used to examine the data that was gathered. Additionally, Friedman's test and the single population mean test (t-test) were employed to evaluate the research assumptions. The study's findings indicate that smart buildings can enhance pedestrian circulation in the studied location (Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Gharb). The findings suggest that smartification can significantly enhance walkability by improving safety, Social interaction, and pleasurability in user experience. Additionally, from the perspective of users, smartification has the most influence on the comfort factor that promotes walking.

The historical urban fabrics of Iran are increasingly threatened by contemporary construction practices that often neglect the principles of Iranian-Islamic architecture. As a result, the cultural and spatial identity of these areas is gradually diminishing. This research investigates the principle of "compatibility" as a design strategy for integrating advanced construction technologies into historic contexts through infill housing. Focusing on the historic core of Yazd, which UNESCO recognizes for its unique desert architecture and the continuity of its cultural traditions, the study employs an applied, descriptive methodology. Based on the 2021 census, 10,795 households reside in the area. Using proportional stratified random sampling and Morgan's table, 384 household heads across nine districts were selected for survey distribution. Data collected through questionnaires and interviews revealed multiple factors critical to compatible infill development, including transportation systems, street morphology, proportional harmony, visual coherence, building scale, spatial continuity, land use organization, construction speed, economic feasibility, aesthetic integration, and value preservation. Factor analysis grouped these into three principal dimensions: aesthetics (mean score of 3.49), cost (3.32), and speed (3.45). The findings emphasize the need for context-responsive design approaches that reconcile modern construction demands with the preservation of heritage values. By offering empirical insights and a structured framework for assessing compatibility in historic environments, this study contributes to the discourse on sustainable urban regeneration. It provides architects, planners, and policymakers with criteria to guide infill housing strategies that maintain architectural integrity while addressing contemporary urban needs.

Patient satisfaction is a key indicator in evaluating the quality of healthcare services and plays a crucial role in the healing process and patients' perception of the healthcare system. Evidence-Based Design (EBD) is a scientific approach that uses empirical data to optimize healthcare environments. The goals of this research are to promote the principles of designing healthcare centers using an evidence-based approach, thereby improving the quality of space, enhancing patient satisfaction, and accelerating the recovery process. The research method is based on patient-centered principles, aligning with analytical-descriptive research that incorporates field observations, library studies, and data collection through questionnaires from 65 patients hospitalized at Kasra Hospital. These data are analyzed to provide a suitable solution for the design. Data analysis is conducted using the regression and correlation methods. The software used is ASPECT and SPSS 26. According to the obtained results, threshold rate of 6, the average factors of views (3.646), nature and outdoors (3.472), comfort and control (3.913), Legibility of place (3.900), facilities (3.079) and staff (3.594) means that the patients in the hospital are relatively satisfied with the aforementioned factors and the average of privacy and participation (2.769) and interior design (2.896) indicating low satisfaction with the mentioned factors. This study confirms that implementing evidence-based design principles in hospital environments significantly enhances the patient experience, increases satisfaction, and accelerates the healing process.

Extensive studies on Iranian architecture have been conducted since the late Qajar period. However, many aspects remain unexplored. One of the main challenges in this field is the lack of a systematic approach to architectural analysis. Most previous research has been descriptive, focusing on the physical characteristics of buildings. Yet architecture goes beyond its physical elements; it consists of complex structures that require theoretical and conceptual analysis. As a tool for understanding architecture, the theory allows for a deeper examination of structures, meanings, and cultural transformations. Since the 1960s, linguistics has emerged as a significant architectural theory paradigm due to the renewed focus on meaning in architecture. Language and architecture are manifestations of culture—while language reflects culture, it also organizes other cultural domains. The structural similarities between language and architecture have led architects and theorists to adopt linguistic theories for "understanding architecture" and finding "design solutions." This article approaches architecture as a language and, inspired by how linguists study language through various approaches, proposes methodologies for the "understanding of architecture." It draws on Ferdinand de Saussure's classification, particularly the synchronic approach, which analyzes language at a specific moment. The scope of this research is centered on the applications of the synchronic approach in understanding Iranian architecture. Through a comparative study of linguistic and architectural methodologies, the article demonstrates how synchronic linguistic concepts and methods can be applied to analyze Iranian architecture's structures, meanings, and spatial systems, contributing to developing a theoretical model for its study.

The psychological bond between elderly residents and their living environment—termed place attachment—plays a critical role in aging-in-place strategies. This study investigates the impact of environmental design characteristics on place attachment and evaluates the predictive capabilities of machine learning in this context. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 490 elderly residents in Tehran using a 38-item Likert-scale questionnaire. The study applied three regression-based algorithms—Linear, Polynomial, and Ridge Regression—to model the relationship between 20 environmental design variables and place attachment scores. Results: "Positive Home Experiences" (r = 0.68), "Freedom from Confinement" (r = 0.64), and "Safety Features" (r = 0.53) emerged as the most influential predictors. Ridge Regression achieved the highest prediction accuracy, with an R² value of 0.6792. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the potential of machine learning to support human-centered design by enabling the early-stage evaluation of housing for the elderly. The proposed predictive framework can inform architecture curricula, computer-aided design (CAD) tools, and age-friendly housing policies.