اسماعیل فقیه

هدف از این تحقیق یافتن راه کاری عملی برای ارتقای مهارت نوشتاری در میان دانش آموزان ایرانی به عنوان زبان آموز خارجی می باشد. سوال اصلی این است که آیا کاربردشناسی تفوقی بر روش های سنتی در ارتقای مهارت نوشتاری دارد یا خیر. برای این منظور چهل دانش آموز دبیرستانی بر اساس عملکرد شان در Preliminary English Test (2009) انتخاب شدند. علاوه بر این، ابزارهای زیر نیز در این پژوهش شبه تجربی به کار رفته است: Task, and Discourse Self-Assessment Task and Writing Discourse Completion, California Standard Test (2008) این روش خاص به مدت ده هفته بر گروه آزمایشی انجام گرفت در حالی که که گروه کنترل فقط از روش های سنتی بهره برد. نتایج نشان می دهد که ارتباط معناداری میان مهارت کاربردشناسی و ارتقای مهارت نوشتاری در میان زبان آموزان وجود دارد. روش paired h-test f برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها به کار رفته است. نتایج این تحقیق حاکی است که دبیران می توانند از کاربردشناسی در مهارت نوشتاری به شکل شایسته ای بهره ببرند و مهارت نوشتاری را از طریق آن ارتقا دهند. بدین ترتیب زبان آموزان می توانند به شکل درستی به برقراری ارتباط بپردازند.

The present study investigated the TEFL Ph.D. candidates’ conception (TPCs) of professional identity development (PID) during doctoral program. To this end, under a mixed-method design, two instruments were used to collect data: a four-point Likert-scale researcher-made questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. First, the questionnaire was mailed to 80 Iranian Ph.D. students selected through simple random sampling. Then, to yield an in-depth understanding of how they develop their professional identity, 10 participants with more than 10 years of teaching experience were asked to take part in the interview. The results obtained from the analysis of the elicited data indicated that majority of the participants believed that lack of practical professional development courses, lack of scholarship, lack of employer support, the high cost of Ph.D. opportunities, and trivial increase in job satisfaction and security were among the hurdles of to their professional identity development. Regarding the factors influencing some participants’ withdrawal from Ph.D. studies, the results revealed that feeling of isolation and lack of dissertation writing groups were the most significant reasons. The findings of the study can have some pedagogical implications for teacher education programs in that they can be used to emphasize their strengths, eliminate their weaknesses, and to provide stakeholders with ample opportunities to improve the quality of doctoral education.

The current study investigated the Iranian Teaching English as a Foreign language (TEFL) Ph.D. candidates’ (TPCs) professional identity development during the TEFL Ph.D. education program (TPEP). Applying a mixed-method design, the current study used two kinds of instruments: a four-point, Likert-scale, a researcher-made questionnaire on TPCs’ professional identity development, and the semi-structured interviews. First, the survey was mailed to 80 university instructors. Then, to yield an in-depth understanding of how TPCs develop their professional identity, TPCs with more than 10 years of intensive experience were asked to participate in the interview.  Following the quantitative data analysis, the qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews were analyzed using descriptive qualitative content analysis techniques. The results indicated that the majority of the participants believed that TPEP caused them to gain social legitimation from their community of practice, to get socialized to their global community, and raised their social status; therefore, they believed that not only professional but also personal development took place. Furthermore, it developed their pedagogical knowledge; however, it created small changes in the likelihood of TPCs’ career advancement and led to a small increase in their job satisfaction and security. The findings of the study can have some pedagogical implications for teacher education programs in that they can be used to emphasize their strengths, eliminate their weaknesses, and incorporate ample opportunities for TPCs’ reflection on their current and aspiring professional identities and improve their performance in classes.