توان سنجی تبدیل محلات بافت تاریخی به محلات خلاق گردشگری شهری با رویکرد شهرهای 15 دقیقه ای، نمونه موردی: بافت تاریخی ارومیه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژوهش سعی دارد با توجه به پتانسیل های موجود در بافت تاریخی ارومیه، بررسی کند که امکان تبدیل محلات موجود به محلات خلاق گردشگری 15 دقیقه ای وجود دارد یا خیر؟ برای ایجاد این محلات چه تدابیری باید اندیشه شود تا به اجرا درآید؟ پژوهش به لحاظ هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی است. در تبیین ادبیات موضوع از مطالعات کتابخانه ای و برای جمع آوری اطلاعات از روش های اسنادی و میدانی استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری و محدوده جغرافیایی موردمطالعه بافت تاریخی ارومیه بوده و به پیش بینی و تبیین زمان آینده می پردازد. با در نظر گرفتن معیارهای شهر خلاق گردشگری 15 دقیقه ای شاخص ها به دو حالت کمی و کیفی تقسیم شده اند. حد بهینه و ارزیابی وضع موجود شاخص های کیفی با استفاده از پرسش نامه صورت گرفته است و شاخص های کمی با کمک سیستم اطلاعات مکانی و در محیط ArcGIS، شعاع دسترسی و خدمات رسانی هر کدام از آن ها در فاصله 15 دقیقه ای برابر با 1250 متر موردبررسی قرارگرفته اند. از میان شاخص های موردبررسی، تمامی شاخص ها در وضعیت موجود تفاوت معنی داری با حد بهینه دارند و از حالت مطلوبی برخوردار نیستند. شاخص های کمی از نظر شعاع دسترسی، پوشش 100 درصدی را نشان می دهند ولی از نظر کیفیت وضعیت مطلوبی ندارند. بررسی ها نشان می دهد، بافت تاریخی ارومیه هنوز آمادگی لازم برای ایجاد محلات خلاق گردشگری 15 دقیقه ای را ندارد. ابتدا باید شاخص های رویکردها در بافت تقویت گردد، سپس با توجه به ارتباط میان شاخص ها و وابستگی میان آن ها، با برنامه ای جامع و یکپارچه، راهکارهای بهینه ای ارائه داد تا محلات خلاق گردشگری 15 دقیقه ای در بافت تاریخی ارومیه ایجاد کرد.Feasibility Study of Converting Historical Texture Neighborhoods to Creative Urban Tourism Neighborhoods with 15-Minute Cities Approach (Case Study: Urmia Historical Texture)
Introduction
In the age of globalization and information is the main competition for ideas. Cities, the main centers for cultivating and absorbing ideas, play a prominent role in this competition, and cities are in close competition on the move to globalization. They try to attract more opportunities by improving their hierarchical structure to retain creative people. In recent years, there have been many changes in attitudes towards tourism, and it is seen as an industry, and the use of this industry is considered a city development factor. Also, urban neighborhoods, as city communication centers, play an essential role in residents' social and economic life. These spaces belong to all citizens, and although they are not limited to the physical aspect and find meaning in the presence of man and his activity, these are the physical characteristics of the urban space that pave the way for social groups to enter and pause. Historic cities should be protected on the one hand because of their historical and cultural values and on the other hand because of their special solidarity and homogeneity. Because of the continuation of life and acceptance of the realities of today's life, positive changes must be made in them.
Creative tourism is one of the most popular tourism development strategies, and creative tourists are looking for new goals to gain a unique and creative experience. Creative tourism tries to add new strategies for tourism development. It can be said that reviving the identity of neighborhoods in the old textures of the city that have potential in terms of archeology and history to develop creative tourism is one of the creative methods of the city. Therefore, in this texture, the concept of 15-minute cities can be a way to improve the quality of life by creating cities where a quarter of an hour on foot or by bike can achieve everything a resident need. The 15-minute city requires minimum travel to housing, offices, restaurants, parks, hospitals, and cultural sites. This structure can be applied to urban historical textures. This prevents tissue wear and can affect residents' sense of identity and belonging and restore potential lost urban vitality. Moreover, because of this research, considering the potential in the historical textures of Urmia, it is tried to examine whether it is possible to turn the existing neighborhoods into creative 15-minute tourism neighborhoods. Furthermore, what measures should be considered to create these neighborhoods to be implemented? For witnessed the existence of creative 15-minute tourism neighborhoods in the historical texture of Urmia.
Methodology
The purpose of this research is practical research and survey methods. Library studies have been used to explain the literature, and documentary methods have been used to collect information. The statistical population and geographical area are studied in Urmia's whole historical texture and predict and explain the future. According to the criteria of the creative 15-minute tourism city, the indicators are divided into quantitative and qualitative. Optimal limit and evaluation of the current status of qualitative indicators have been done using a questionnaire, and quantitative indicators have been examined through the Geographic Information System (GIS) and in the ArcGIS environment with the Buffer command, the access radius and service of each of them in a distance of 15 minutes equal to 1250 meters.
Results and discussion
Among the studied indicators, all indicators in the current situation are significantly different from the optimal limit. Moreover, none of them are in favorable condition. Considering that the old texture of Urmia city is also considered the center of Urmia, the aggregation of uses (especially commercial use) in this area has been high. Therefore, there are almost all urban uses and services in this texture. There is a 15-minute coverage and access radius for quantitative indicators. As a result, with 15 minutes of walking (1250 meters) or cycling in the historical texture of Urmia, you can access all the facilities and uses at the local level. Therefore, quantitative indicators, in contrast to qualitative ones, are in a completely favorable condition but not in good quality. However, it has strengthened the possibility of creating creative neighborhoods in 15 minutes.
Conclusion
Based on assessing the current status of the studied qualitative indicators, it can be concluded that before creating 15-minute creative tourism neighborhoods, strategies should be considered to strengthen the indicators. Then, to create these neighborhoods, it is easier and more controlled to provide better solutions to achieve this goal faster, easier, and cheaper. Due to the continuous relationship between the indicators, there is a dependence between them, which means that the indicators affect each other and cover each other's strengths and weaknesses so that strengthening one of the indicators hierarchically has a positive effect on improving the status of other indicators. Although the current situation of qualitative indicators is not favorable, in the study of quantitative indicators, we hope that 15-minute creative tourist neighborhoods can be created in Urmia's historical and old texture. In such a way, the diversity and level of service of urban uses in this texture have been evaluated to the desired level, and all the quantitatively studied indicators have 100% coverage of 15 minutes on foot and by bicycle, and citizens can easily access these facilities. By summarizing and considering the positive and negative points as well as the weaknesses and strengths of quantitative and qualitative indicators together, opportunities can be found to create the desired neighborhoods. This situation requires a comprehensive and integrated plan of all urban organs and institutions in order to be able to create more appropriate and high-quality cities and neighborhoods for citizens with their creativity in the cultural and social conditions of the country and region. Therefore, there is a long way to go to create creative tourism of 15 minutes in the historical texture of Urmia, and a comprehensive and complete plan must be prepared and implemented along with measuring all the factors.
Funding
There is no funding support.
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