برهان اِنّی در روش علمی ابوریحان بیرونی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ابوریحان بیرونی دانشمند برجسته قرون چهارم و پنجم هجری رویکرد منحصر به فردی در علوم طبیعی داشت. در حالی که دانشمندان برجسته ای چون ابوعلی سینا روش های قیاسی و مبانی فلسفه ارسطو را در علوم طبیعی دارای اصالت تلقی می کردند، ابوریحان توجه بیشتری به براهین انّی که روش علوم ریاضی بود داشت. در این روشِ علمی می توان با نگاهی انتقادی به مبانی فلسفی نگریست و تعهدی به این و آن دستگاه فلسفی نداشت. بیرونی گرچه خود بسیاری از مبانی ارسطو را پذیرفته بود و عملاً در مقدمات علم نجوم اعمال کرده بود، اما همواره نگاهی انتقادی به آنها داشت و در برخی موارد به مرزهای علم تجربی، آن طور که در دوره انقلاب علمی در غرب می شناسیم، نزدیک شده بود. همچنین از ملزومات چنین نگرشی غیریقینی بودن علوم طبیعی است که سنخیت بسیاری با علوم طبیعی و تجربی به شکل جدید خود دارد. در این مقاله تلاش می کنیم رویکرد انّی بیرونی در علوم طبیعی را با چند نمونه و شرح آنها روشن کنیم.A posteriori Demonstration in al-Bīrūnī's Scientific Methodology
Al-Bīrūnī was a prominent scientist of the eleventh century with a specific approach to natural philosophy. Unlike his other contemporary scientists and natural philosophers focusing on the a priori arguments, and demonstration through the cause, Al-Bīrūnī disliked such an approach. He had a critical view of this approach and tried to counter it, although it was not mainstream. In this paper, we will investigate some of his arguments through which his a posteriori approach will be reflected. Al-Bīrūnī was a prominent scientist of the eleventh century with a specific approach to natural philosophy. Unlike his other contemporary scientists and natural philosophers focusing on the a priori arguments, and demonstration through the cause, Al-Bīrūnī disliked such an approach. He had a critical view of this approach and tried to counter it, although it was not mainstream. In this paper, we will investigate some of his arguments through which his a posteriori approach will be reflected. Al-Bīrūnī was a prominent scientist of the eleventh century with a specific approach to natural philosophy. Unlike his other contemporary scientists and natural philosophers focusing on the a priori arguments, and demonstration through the cause, Al-Bīrūnī disliked such an approach. He had a critical view of this approach and tried to counter it, although it was not mainstream. In this paper, we will investigate some of his arguments through which his a posteriori approach will be reflected. Al-Bīrūnī was a prominent scientist of the eleventh century with a specific approach to natural philosophy. Unlike his other contemporary scientists and natural philosophers focusing on the a priori arguments, and demonstration through the cause, Al-Bīrūnī disliked such an approach. He had a critical view of this approach and tried to counter it, although it was not mainstream. In this paper, we will investigate some of his arguments through which his a posteriori approach will be reflected.
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