Journal of Money and Economy

Profit rate stickiness means the asymmetric behavior of banking profit rate with respect to positive and negative shocks. Scrutinizing this behavior would suggest a new perspective on policy tools and banking supervision. In this regard, this paper applies hidden panel cointegration, proposed by Hatemi-J (2018), to study profit rate and bank specific characteristics nexus for all banks listed on Tehran Stock Exchange [TSE] during 2008-2017. This approach, in addition to analyzing the long-term relationship between variables, has another important capability for modeling asymmetry between variables. It has been shown that there is a long-run non-linear relationship between cumulative positive and negative components of variables. Then, asymmetric relationships are measured by using Panel DOLS. The results indicate that the main causes of profit rate asymmetry are liquidity and credit risks, and there is a downward direction of profit rate stickiness. Finally, the SCP paradigm is well-supported in Iran’s banking system. It seems Central Bank of Iran [CBI] needs to be mindful of anticompetitive effects of bank mergers firstly; and secondly, require banks to meet more stringent liquidity requirements and force them to stop roll over defaulted loans into new loans to increase the quality of banks’ assets.

This paper investigates the endogenous money supply hypothesis in Iran. To this end, we attempt to find causality directions between bank credits and money aggregates. Utilizing Diks and Panchenko’s (2006) nonparametric Granger causality test for the time series data over the period 2006:04-2018:12 confirms the existence of a significant causality running from bank credits to money aggregates. These results indicate that money supply in Iran is demand-determined, which is in line with Post-Keynesians’ money supply endogenous theory. In this case, following the interest rate targeting rather than the monetary aggregate targeting approach and therefore, applying open market operation is necessary.

The stock exchange, as a part of the capital market, in case of necessary conditions, can mobilize national capital and direct it towards economic growth. A secure environment where managers are working towards stockholders for investment and information asymmetry is considered to be the features of a good business. This research seeks to investigate whether information asymmetry of the financial market and macroeconomic growth can affect investors’ confidence ration. Our model is estimated using MGARCH for seasonal data of the stock market in Iran and the real GDP during the period from 1991-2016. The findings of the research have shown a significant effect of macroeconomic growth and information asymmetry of the financial market on the investors’ confidence. There is also a two-way gradient relationship between the information asymmetry and the confidence of investors in the short run. There is a cointegration relationship between these three variables.

Developing economic relations with the countries of the world is necessary for any country, and the nations of the world are always looking to build their business. The expansion of the phenomenon of economic globalization has led states to engage in countries' engagement in pursuing their interests in the form of regional cooperation and the formation of monetary :union:s. Therefore, according to the importance of this issue, the effect of the monetary :union: on bilateral trade is studied using a gravity pattern based on the panel data approach. Also, the factors affecting bilateral trade between selected countries of the world during the period of 1993-2015 are studied. The results of the research show that the effect of a common currency on bilateral trade is positive, which increases trade between countries. Also, the study of variables shows that GDP variables of states and business partners, common currency, race, and standard language have a positive and significant effect on bilateral trade between nations. Real exchange rate variables and trade openness do not affect, and the distance and GDP per capita variables have a negative and significant impact on the flow of trade between the drains. Hence, it is concluded that countries that are adjacent to each other or have common currency would strengthen the trade between themselves, by creating monetary :union:s.

The primary purpose of this research is to investigate the impacts of corporate governance on credit risk in the Iranian banking industry. The sample consists of 20 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2011-2016, using panel data. In this research, credit risk and corporate governance are the dependent and independent variables, respectively. The meta-synthesis method was used for compiling a checklist of corporate governance indicators. Then, the content analysis method was applied for measuring the corporate governance index; i.e., the number of dimensions disclosed on the total number of disclosable dimensions. The results indicate that after adjusting the control variables namely the size, the financial leverage, the ratio of capital adequacy, the GDP and inflation, there is a significant negative relationship between corporate governance quality and the credit risk, which means more effective corporate governance will reduce information asymmetry, increases the clarity and stakeholder confidence, and finally reduces banks’ credit risk. Accordingly, the final recommendation is to reduce credit risk by improving the mechanisms of corporate governance in the Iranian banking industry.

The primary purpose of this research is to develop and present dimensions and components of information transparency in banks to evaluate and rank the level of information disclosure and transparency of Iranian banks, considering the environmental and native conditions of Iran. Regarding the reporting conditions and reporting environment of Iranian banks and the information needs that govern them, one can evaluate the banks on an applied level by explaining the level of disclosure and specific information transparency and then ranked it. For this purpose, firstly, the list of dimensions and components of disclosure and transparency is extracted from research, documents, and standards issued by professional banking authorities. Then after incorporation, adjustment, and summary, the final list of dimensions and components is reviewed by experts. Due to the lack of a proper model of information disclosure and transparency in Iranian banks, the best way to confirm the criteria, dimensions, and components of the model was to use the opinions of experts. The Delphi method and the one-sample t-test were used to verify the components and finally design the model. As a result, the final model consists of 11 dimensions of information transparency to evaluate and rank the level of disclosure and transparency of Iranian banks and assess the degree of compliance of the current status of disclosure and transparency of Iranian banks with the proposed model using (SEM) and the t-sample.