زینب کرکه آبادی

INTRODUCTION: Resilience is considered a way of strengthening societies using their capacities which can be defined as the ability of systems to adapt to changes without collapsing at the incidence of disasters. To understand resilience and the way it is analyzed at the community level, it is necessary to study the society's current condition and policies, as well as the measures adopted to reduce risk and how the risks in society are dealt with. This study aimed to assess the resilience of urban communities in the face of an earthquake. METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using a questionnaire to collect the required data in Semnan, Iran, in 2019. The statistical population of this study (n=384) consisted of the citizens of Semnan selected using the Cochran formula and random sampling method. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) using mean and percentage for descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient and one-sample t-test for inferential statistical tests. FINDINGS: Based on the results, the sociocultural, infrastructural-physical, economic, and institutional-organizational dimensions showed the current condition of resilience in Semnan with the mean scores obtained as 2.59, 3.05, 2.17, and 2.56, respectively. It was also revealed that resilience had a significant relationship with age, education, income, accommodation ownership, employment, calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient (P-value=0.99). CONCLUSION: The mean scores and significance level of the economic resilience in Semnan revealed that this city lacked economic resilience. In this regard, it can be noted that residents' lack of skills in other fields and jobs, lack of possessions outside the city, the vulnerability of residents' properties and assets, level of economic poverty in the city, citizens' limited financial ability to participate economically, and low level of household savings to compensate for earthquake damage have made returning to pre-crisis conditions highly difficult for citizens, and consequently, they cannot be economically resilient.

One of the regions which has many potentiality and capabilities for developing Tourism from natural aspect is Galugah county. Unfortunately, Tourism sources are useless due to incorrect programming. Accordingly, general objectives of this research were identifying strong and weak points, opportunity and possible threats for developing Tourism. Also, identifying of current Tourism position and, presenting suitable methods for developing potential capabilities of Tourism in Galugah county were the objectives of present study. The research model was applied and goal oriented and the research method was survey-descriptive. The necessity information was collected through field and library methods. A questionnaire was also used for collecting data. Moreover, techniques of QSPM, SWOT were used to describe the research information. Statistical population samples were selected from authorities’ community. Since the authorities were busy people and not always available in Galugah county, only 30 questionnaires were distributed among them. Results analysis of this research showed that among external and internal factors i.e. pollution of environment and river and extinction of plants species under the influence of pollution and O2 i.e. suitable climate for developing natural Tourism efforts in summer were the most important and influential factors. Cold temperature of the region in summer (W3) and existence of unique amusement places (S5) such as Amarg were recognized as effective and most leading factors among internal factors on Tourism development of Galugah county. Presenting methods of the third process showed that a comparison of total grades for attractiveness of methods and ST3 method i.e. initiating new occupational opportunities on the basis of natural potentials and rich culture of regions inhabitants by protecting region cultural identity and nature had the highest score in this process.