شهرام افراز

شهرام افراز

مطالب

فیلتر های جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱ تا ۱۶ مورد از کل ۱۶ مورد.
۱.

The Effect of a Newly- Developed Context-sensitive Framework of Writing Practice on Iranian EFL Learners' Writing Performance(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Context-sensitive framework Essay Writing Intermediate Iranian EFL students Upper-intermediate Iranian EFL students Writing practice

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The present quasi-experimental study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of a context-sensitive framework of writing on the improvement of Iranian EFL students' writing performance. To this aim, sixty sophomores majoring in English language translation from two intact classes at Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon, Iran participated in this study. An Oxford Quick Placement Test was administered to assess the participants' degree of homogeneity and classify them in intermediate (receiving 28-36 out of 60) and upper-intermediate (receiving 37-44 out of 60) groups. Then, each group was randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. A pretest of writing was administered to all participants. The experimental groups practiced essay writing according to the context-sensitive framework. After 12 sessions, all participants took part in the post test. Paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests were run to examine whether there were statistically significant differences between the means of the groups. The results revealed that both the intermediate and upper- intermediate experimental groups significantly outperformed the control groups stating that the context-sensitive framework was effective to improve the students' writing performance. However, there was no significant difference between the posttest scores of intermediate and upper-intermediate experimental groups. It means that implementation of context-sensitive framework was equally effective in both experimental groups. The findings supported the use of a context-sensitive framework for promoting writing ability of Iranian EFL learners. The study has implications for writing teachers, practitioners, and learners.
۲.

Impact of Personal Response System (PRS) on Iranian EFL Learners’ Performance, Class Communication and Comfort Level

کلید واژه ها: Class Communication Comfort Level English Language Performance Personal Response System (PRS) Technology

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The current study aimed at investigating the impact of Personal Response System (PRS) on Iranian EFL learners’ English language performance, class communication, and comfort level. To this purpose, a mixed methods design was used. The participants comprised 60 male-female Iranian grade eight junior students studying at Bahonar secondary school, Kazeroon, Iran. They were selected through convenient sampling method from two intact classes and divided into two experimental and control groups. The needed data was collected using the following instruments: Oxford Placement Test (OPT), Preliminary English Test (PET), Observation Checklist, and PRS. The two groups of the participants attended twelve English class sessions of the high school once a week. The only difference between the two groups was that during the class sessions, the experimental group attended PRS. Data analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests and qualitative content analysis of the observation data. The results showed that PRS had a statistically significant impact on English language performance, class communication, and comfort level of Iranian EFL learners. Accordingly, EFL teachers are recommended to use this tool in an attempt to enhance EFL learners' general English language performance.  
۳.

Designing a Problem-Based Model of Writing Development for Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Problem-based Learning Argumentative Writing Style Cause and Effect Writing Style Compare and Contrast Writing Style

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تعداد بازدید : 916 تعداد دانلود : 441
This study aimed at designing a problem-based model of writing development for Iranian EFL learners. To this end, a qualitative content analysis method was used. The participants included EFL teachers (N=10) and learners (N=15) with teaching and learning experience in writing courses at different language institutes of Iran. They were selected through purposive sampling. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview was used. More particularly, initially, the respondents in this study were interviewed to find out what their views about PBL is. The researchers began the qualitative data collection procedure and continued until data was saturated. The semi-structured questions administered to the respondents dealt with various aspects of PBL including: searching for answers, collaborative learning, cognitive thinking, learner-centered learning, diminished rule of the teacher, feedback dynamics in PBL, synthesis of data, and application of findings. By using the views of participants with regards to PBL, a new PBL model for the writing skill were designed. The findings can have implications for EFL teachers, learners, and curriculum planners.
۴.

مشکلات نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی: ایجاد یک چارچوب بافت- حساس برای تمرین مهارت نوشتن(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: چارچوب بافت - حساس تئوری مبنا زبان آموزان ایرانی مهارت نوشتن مشکلات نوشتاری

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این پژوهش کیفی به بررسی مشکلات نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی پرداخته و چهارچوبی بافت-حساس (Context-sensitive Framework)را با توجه به این مشکلات، برای دانشجویان زبان برای تمرین نوشتن ارائه داده است. برای دستیابی به اهداف مطالعه، بر اساس نمونه گیری آسان (Convenience sampling)، 14 دانشجوی کارشناسی رشته مترجمی زبان انگلیسی از دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن در این پژوهش شرکت کردند. هر کدام از آنها مقاله ای پنج پاراگرافی نوشتند و در مصاحبه ای نیمه-ساختاری(Semi-structured interview) شرکت کردند تا مشکلات خود را در زمینه نوشتن بیان کنند. محققان مقاله ها را با توجه به سر فصل پنج مؤلفه ای جکوب(1981) Jacob, 1981)) ارزیابی کردند تا نوع مشکلات نوشتن را شناسایی کنند. علاوه بر این، مصاحبه ها رونویسی شدند و داده ها بر اساس مراحل سیستماتیک کوربین و استراوس(2014) &Strauss (Corbin, 2014) که شامل کد گذاریهای باز، محوری و انتخابی (Open, Axial and Selective Coding)می باشند کدگذاری شدند. یافته ها نشان داند که دانشجویان ایرانی بیش ازهرچیزی در مکانیک نوشتار مشکل داشتند.پس از آن، گرامر، سازماندهی درایجاد مؤلفه های مقاله ، انسجام ، محتوا و واژگان به ترتیب به عنوان بیشترین تاکمترین میزان فراوانی مشکلات شناسایی شدند. علاوه بر این، احساسات منفی مانند اضطراب و عدم انگیزه باعث برخی مشکلات نوشتاری شدند. بر این اساس، محققان یک چارچوب سه مرحله ای بافت- حساس برای تمرین نوشتن ایجاد کردند. در این چارچوب فعالیت های مراحل پیش از نوشتن، حین نوشتن و پس از نوشتن با توجه به مشکلات نوشتاری دانشجویان مشخص شدند تا به آنها کمک شود بر مشکلات نوشتاری خود غلبه کنند.
۵.

Language Proficiency and Identity: Developing a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of Identity for Iranian EFL Learners

کلید واژه ها: Identity language proficiency EFL context structural equation modeling (SEM)

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تعداد بازدید : 876 تعداد دانلود : 349
This study was an endeavor to develop a model of identity among Iranian EFL learners. To achieve this end, a multiphase design was implemented. Initially, it attempted to investigate different factors of identity to propose and validate a model. Thus, 120 EFL learners studying in different English language institutes in Iran were randomly selected, and 36 learners were interviewed about their views of their identity in the qualitative phase. After extracting six factors of identity, including: second language acquisition and social status, cultural attachment, Persian language adhesion, pronunciation posture, technology involvement, and language identity, and second language knowledge, a questionnaire was constructed which reflected these factors. Then, in the quantitative phase, the questionnaire went through an exploratory factor analysis for the sake of validity. After its validity and reliability were corroborated through a pilot study with 20 learners, it was distributed among 120 EFL learners. Besides, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was run to confirm that the final proposed model enjoyed validity for future research. To do so, the confirmatory factor analysis was run, and the model of identity was developed. Eventually, the possible relationship between 120 EFL learners’ identity and their English language achievement scores were examined, and the results of this phase indicated that there was a significant and positive relationship between learners’ identity and their English language achievement scores. The findings of this study can enhance awareness among English teachers, materials developers, and syllabus designers to equip themselves with the updated techniques to handle the possible challenges that may occur in EFL learning contexts.
۶.

شناسایی و اولویت بندی عوامل موثر بر شیوه آموزشی پسامتد با روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی) ( AHP ) (مورد مطالعه مدرسان مدارس دولتی)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: شیوه آموزشی پسامتد ده اصل کلیدی اولویت بندی فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی

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تعداد بازدید : 888 تعداد دانلود : 656
تردیدی نیست زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان واسطه نقش مهمی را در محاورات وتعاملات دنیای امروزی ایفا می کند.شیوه پسامتد به مدرس اجازه می دهد دانش خود را با دیگران به اشتراک گذارد وخلاقیت را هدف خود قرار دهد. این تحقیق با هدف تعیین اولویت عوامل موثر شیوه آموزشی پسامتد در بین مدرسان مدارس دولتی استان سیستان وبلوچستان در ایران انجام شدکه شامل 60 نفر مرد وزن دارای مدرک تحصیلی کارشناسی ،ارشد و بالاتر و دارای سابقه بیش از 5 سال می باشد.چارچوب پژوهش توصیفی-پیمایشی و با استفاده از پرسشنامه و داده های آماری بوده است.با استفاده از ده اصل شیوه آموزشی پسامتد به عنوان شیوه تدریس و اولویت بندی این عوامل از طریق ارائه پرسشنامه مقایسات زوجی محقق ساخته بین مدرسان به عنوان کارشناسان خبره انجام و به کمک روش AHP (فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی) و نرم افزار Expert choice نتایج نهایی استخراج گردید. روایی ابزار به وسیله متخصصان و پایایی آن با محاسبه نرخ ناسازگاری تایید شد. تحقیق حاضر منحصر به فرد بوده است. نتایج حاصله نشان داد مولفه حداقل سوءبرداشت ذهنی وعامل حداکثر موقعیت یادگیری نگاه ها را به خود جلب نموده است. عناصر متنی کردن داده های زبانشناسی و فعال کردن استعداد زبانی از اهمیت بسیار ناچیزی در نزد معلمان برخوردار بودند. امید است مطالعه حاضر راهگشایی برای کارشناسان اموزشی در مجموعه های مختلف تعلیم وتربیت باشد.
۷.

The Impact of Class Presentation on EFL Learners’ Speaking Development

کلید واژه ها: Class presentation Speaking Skill EFL Learners speaking activities

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Considering the great importance of speaking to EFL learners, teachers have tried to use different teaching techniques to help learners master this skill. One of these techniques is learner-based language teaching. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of using selected class presentation on the speaking development of EFL learners.  To this purpose, a mixed-methods research was conducted, with both qualitative and quantitative data. The population of the study comprised 66 female EFL students of a language institute in Bandar Abbas. To homogenize them, Nelson Placement Test was administered and as a result, 50 students whose score were around the mean were selected as the pre-intermediate participants of the study. They were randomly assigned to two equal, experimental (EG) and control groups (CG). The experimental group was exposed to treatment by the teacher, while the control group was taught through traditional speaking method.  A standard speaking test was used as both pre-test and post-test. The results obtained from the statistical analysis of the participants’ scores in pre-test and post-test revealed that using selected class presentation in the class has considerable impact on the improvement of learners’ speaking performance. This finding shows that emphasizing on the role of the learners by involving them in suitable the speaking tasks can positivity affect their Oral language output.
۸.

Toward the Development of a Model of Teaching as Profession in the Iranian EFL Context: Insights From Iranian EFL Teachers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: teaching teachers teaching profession teaching profession model grounded theory

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Teachers pose different perspectives toward teaching. Some teachers share this attitude that teaching is just a job and a sole source of income, while others believe that teaching is a vocational and moralistic career associated with love, commitment, and devotion. This study, in the form of a qualitative grounded theory approach, aimed to deeply investigate the interrelationship of data emerged from teachers’ perspectives toward teaching as profession to develop a model in this regard. Therefore, twenty-six Iranian English teachers, teaching at schools and Farhang language institute, were requested to share their ideas as to how they view teaching as a profession. A semi-structured interview, in three sessions with 20 participants and focus-group interviews with 6 participants were conducted. Based on Corbin and Strauss's (2014) systematic steps for grounded theory, the data then transcribed and codified. The findings ended with an eight-factor model containing 40 categories. The factors include: a) source of income, b) decreasing motivation, c) poverty and inclination to become a teacher, d) insufficient salary, e) deteriorated quality of teaching, f) experience, g) society negative attitude, h) dissatisfaction. The proposed model opens a new window for teachers and reminds the government educational policymakers, training centers, ministry of education, and those who care about quality education and students’ academic achievements to observe income inequality, and salary differentials, increase teachers’ social status, and motivation, facilitate difficult working conditions, reduce resource wastage, support teachers appropriately, decrease teachers’ financial concerns, terminate the sense of socioeconomic inequality, and speak out the voices of marginalized teachers.
۹.

The Most Common Challenges Facing Iranian English Majors in the Translation Process from English into Persian

کلید واژه ها: Error Analysis pedagogical solutions topical knowledge translation problems translation strategies

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تعداد بازدید : 363 تعداد دانلود : 302
The main priority for university translation educators is to improve the quality and outcomes of translation courses. To achieve such a goal, the instructors are required to integrate learners' needs, identified with the help of a needs survey, into syllabus content. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to identify the Iranian English majors' difficulties in translating English texts since once a problem is identified, exploring the best pedagogical solutions would follow. The aim was accomplished through qualitative descriptive research conducted at Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch tracing the errors committed by the English majors in their exam papers in academic years 2016-2019. Following the model proposed by Miremadi (2008), the syntactic and lexical problems were identified in the exam papers collected during six semesters. Moreover, three more categories were added to the list as the data analysis moved forward: culture problems, stylistic problems, and miscellaneous errors with detailed subdivisions. What appeared to be worthy of attention in the results was the students' weakness in text and sentence segmentation to find the function of the components to approach textual meaning, resulting from the students' poor English language proficiency. The results also revealed the students' poor topical knowledge as well as the lack of knowledge of translation techniques and strategies.
۱۰.

نقش هوش چندگانه در هویت فرهنگی و پیشرفت زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: هویت فرهنگی زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی پیشرفت زبانی هوش چندگانه یادگیری زبان انگلیسی

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تسلط بر یک زبان خارجی مستلزم آشنایی با فرهنگ گویشوران آن زبان است.هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی رابطه هویت فرهنگی زبان دوم و پیشرفت زبانی، ارتباط هویت فرهنگی و هوش چندگانه، و رابطه هوش چندگانه و پیشرفت زبانی زبان آموزان ایرانی است.این مطالعه همچنین به دنبال این است که کدام نوع هوش می تواند هویت فرهنگی و پیشرفت زبانی را پیش بینی کند.در ابتدا برای انتخاب یک نمونه همگن از زبان آموزان آزمون تافل گرفته شد و 180 نفر انتخاب شدند.سپس آنها به پرسشنامه های هویت فرهنگی و هوش چندگانه پاسخ دادند.تحلیلهای آماری نشان داد که بین هویت فرهنگی و پیشرفت زبانی رابطه متوسط و معنادار، بین هویت فرهنگی و هوش چندگانه رابطه ای مثبت و معنادار، و بین پیشرفت تحصیلی و هوش چندگانه زبان آموزان رابطه ای مثبت و معنادار وجود دارد.همچنین هویت فرهنگی زبان آموزان از طریق هوش بین فردی آنها و پیشرفت زبانی توسط هوش زبانی قابل پیش بینی هستند.با آگاهی از این نتایج، معلمان زبان میتوانند خود را برای مقابله با چالش های احتمالی آماده کنند.
۱۱.

Validation of a Preliminary Model of Cultural Identity for Iranian Advanced EFL Learners: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

کلید واژه ها: culture EFL Learners Identity model Validation

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تعداد بازدید : 206 تعداد دانلود : 226
This study was an endeavor to develop a model of cultural identity among Iranian advanced EFL learners. To achieve this end, a multiphase design was implemented. Initially, it was attempted to investigate different factors of cultural identity to propose and validate a model. Thus, 20 EFL learners studying in Safir English language institute in Tehran were interviewed about their views of their cultural identity in the qualitative phase. After extracting four factors of cultural identity including: “religion, culture, nationality, and language”, a questionnaire was constructed which reflected these factors. Then, in the quantitative phase, the 30-item questionnaire went through an exploratory factor analysis for the sake of validity and after its validity and reliability were corroborated through a pilot study with 183 learners, it was distributed among 384 EFL learners. In addition, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was run through LISREL 8.8. to confirm that the final proposed model enjoyed validity for future research. To do so, a confirmatory factor analysis was run and the model of cultural identity was developed. Eventually, the possible relationship between 384 EFL learners’ cultural identity and their English language achievement scores was examined and the results of this phase indicated that there was a significant and positive relationship between learners’ cultural identity and their English language achievement scores. The findings of this study can enhance awareness among English teachers, materials developers, and syllabus designers to equip themselves with the updated techniques to handle the possible challenges that may occur in EFL learning contexts.
۱۲.

On the Development of a Model of Cultural Identity and Language Achievement among Iranian Advanced EFL Learners

کلید واژه ها: culture Cultural Identity EFL Learners Language Achievement Language learning

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تعداد بازدید : 269 تعداد دانلود : 236
Culture is an inseparable part of a language. In other words, mastering a language and being able to communicate through it inevitably entails integrating with the culture of the speakers of that language which is the reflection of people's identity. The aim of the present study was designing a model of Iranian cultural identity. Initially, to select a homogeneous sample of learners at the advanced level, 300 language learners at the advanced level took TOEFL and 180 learners were chosen as the participants of the study. The cultural identity model was designed by the use of interviews and literature review to come up with main components of cultural identity. Afterwards, participants were interviewed about their identity and four components comprising Iranian cultural identity were identified. The results of the factors analysis showed that raw data converged to a pattern with four components which fit the hypothesized model of cultural identity. Then, the cultural identity questionnaire was given to participants. The results of statistical analyses indicated that there was a significant negative relationship between cultural identity and language achievement of the participants.
۱۳.

میزان اثر بخشی روش آموزشی تکلیف محور بر بهبود مهارت خواندن زبان آموزان ایرانی: بررسی دیدگاه مدرسان(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: روش تکلیف محور مهارت درک مطلب پیشرفت تحصیلی دیدگاه معلمان زبان انگلیسی زبان آموزان ایرانی

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مطالعه حاضر تلاش به بررسی روش مشارکتی تکلیف محور بر مهارت آکادمیک درک مطلب زبان آموزان کرده است. از اینرو، 80 نفر از زبان آموزان از دو کلاس کامل انتخاب و بطور تصادفی به دو گروه، یک گروه کنترل و یک گروه آزمایش تقسیم شدند. طی یک ترم محقق روش سنتی و قدیمی تدریس را در گروه کنترل، و روش تکلیف محور را در گروه آزمایش بکار گرفت. با گرد آوری داده ها، نتایج مقایسه دو گروه نشان داد اگرچه نمرات فراگیران در هر دو گروه در آزمون ثانویه افزایش یافته است، اما تفاوت آماری قابل ملاحظه ای بین عملکرد کلی زبان آموزان در دو گروه به چشم خورد. در نتیجه این میانگین نمرات بالاتر نشان میدهد که روش تکلیف محور و فعالیتهای مشارکتی، پتانسیلی در ارتقاء یادگیری مهارت خواندن فراگیران دارد. علاوه بر موارد ذکر شده، یافته های مصاحبه با اساتید نشان داد که آنها دیدگاه مثبتی پیرامون اجرای روش تکلیف محور، و تمایل به استفاده از برخی فعالیت های این روش در دروس پیش رو دارند.
۱۴.

A Qualitative Lnquiry into Perceptions and Practices of High and Low EFL Achievers towards the Limitations and Benefits of Code-Switching(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: code-switching Bilingual context Classroom discourse High and low achievers

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تعداد بازدید : 591 تعداد دانلود : 391
In English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and bilingual language classrooms, code-switching is widespread among teacher-student and student-student interactions; however, there seem to be few or no studies tracking the perceptions and practices of EFL learners toward code-switching. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the perceptions and practices of high and low achievers toward teacher code-switching with focus on the possible limitations and benefits that it might have in language classrooms. For this purpose, the researchers used a qualitative design in the form of grounded theory. Accordingly, 11 high and 13 low achievers were interviewed individually and in focus groups. Further, the elicited responses were transcribed and codified using Straus and Corbin’s (1998) constant comparative method. In addition, for the purpose of validation, real observations of 10 university classes in different English courses were made.  The findings revealed 4 major themes and 26 categories for high and low achievers. Consequently, the findings implicated that code-switching was an advantageous tool at the disposal of English teachers.
۱۵.

The Impact of English Speaking Proficiency of Hotel's Staff on Attacting Tourists in Qeshm Island

کلید واژه ها: Hotel Tourist tourism industry

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The hotel industry in Qeshm Island is rapidly expanding. An important component in the hotel industry is the human resource. Tourists do not just come for the facilities and attractions, they want to be treated right and well and that is why a good command of the English language is always regarded as an asset for personnel in the tourism industry. This study was conducted to study and analyze the impact of one of the English skills, i.e., speaking of staff in hotels on attracting tourist in Qeshm Island. In order to so, data was collected from 25 foreign tourists in a hotel as Marina Hotel, regarding their expectations and perceptions of their stay about personal qualities of the hotels’ staff in different positions. The results obtained from the expectations of the guests indicated that the role and importance of the ‘English language proficiency’ in the tourism industry is relative to job function. ‘English language proficiency’ is more expected from those who often come into direct face-to-face contact with hotel guests such as the reception staff and it is more expected for the hotel management personnel as well. For other hotel staff, such as food & beverage and housekeeping staff, other qualities are expected more than ‘English language proficiency’ by hotel guests.
۱۶.

The Impact of Using Hyland's Mitigation Strategies on EFL Learners' Writing Ability: A socio-cultural perspective

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کلید واژه ها: mitigation strategies Sociocultural theory writing proficiency

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This research chiefly focused on the application of mitigation strategies and traditional form of feedback in writing development of the fifth semester University students majoring in TEFL and English Translation fields based on Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory in general and the notion of “Zone of Proximal Development” in particular. To that end, this study relied on a pre-posttest experimental design which was mediated by different written types of feedback such as mitigation strategies vs. error correction to find out if any gains in writing development of participants could be achieved. It is to be noted that participants of this inquiry were 125 fifth semester university students who were chosen and assigned to four experimental and one control groups. The materials of this study consisted of a textbook called Writing Power by Nancy White (2002) that the teacher taught during the course of instruction; a standard writing test of IELTS (2007) as a pretest; another standard writing test of IELTS (2007) as a posttest. The results showed that although homogeneity among the groups was observed on the pretest, writing scores of those groups which received corrective feedback and paired comments outscored those of the other groups. On the other hand, the interrogative forms and personal attributions had the least increase from the pretest to the posttest. Hence, it is recommended that some teacher training courses regarding the appropriate use of these strategies be held in educational settings in a way that teachers can apply these techniques in the best possible ways in their writing classes.

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