شناسایی و اولویت بندی موانع حاکمیتی بازدارنده پیاده سازی موفق BIM در شرکت های ساختمانی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مدل سازی اطلاعات ساختمان (BIM)، به عنوان یک فرایند مشارکتی تولید و مدیریت داده ها و اطلاعات یک ساختمان، در طول چرخه عمر پروژه، مورد توجه شرکت ها و سازمان های بسیاری قرار گرفته است. علی رغم اهمیت این موضوع، پذیرش این فناوری در ایران به سطوح ابتدایی محدود بوده و با موانع بسیاری رو به رو است. مطالعات نشان می دهد که فرایند پیاده سازی BIM در صنعت ساخت هر کشور نیازمند تدوین استراتژی و برنامه ریزی مدون و پشتیبانی همه جانبه در سطوح مختلف حکمرانی بوده و رفع موانع حاکمیتی ازطریقِ ایجاد زیرساخت های لازم در شرکت های ساختمانی می تواند این فرایند را تسریع و تسهیل کند. در این پژوهش کاربردی، ابتدا چالش ها و موانع حاکمیتی جهت دستیابی به پیاده سازی موفق BIM ازطریقِ مرور موشکافانه پیشینه پژوهش شناسایی شد و سپس با به کارگیری روش پژوهش آمیخته در هم تنیده، این موانع برمبنای دیدگاه خبرگان دسته بندی و با استفاده از آزمون رتبه بندی فریدمن اولویت بندی شدند. گردآوری اطلاعات مورد نیاز این پژوهش نیز ازطریقِ به کارگیری هم زمان مصاحبه های نیمه ساختاریافته و پرسشنامه بسته انجام پذیرفت. براساس نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده های گردآوری شده، موانع حاکمیتی بازدارنده پیاده سازی موفق BIM در شرکت های ساختمانی به ترتیب اولویت، موانع معطوف به موضوعات سیاست گذاری، حمایت گری، پرسنلی-فردی، قانونی-قراردادی، سازمانی، فراسازمانی، توجیه پذیری اقتصادی و فنی هستند که در سه دسته راهبردی، ساختاری و تکنیکی طبقه بندی شدند.Identifying and Prioritizing Governance Barriers Preventing Successful Implementation of BIM in Construction Companies
Nowadays, due to the increasing complexity of construction projects in the construction industry, the need for using systems such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), which can create a collaborative environment to ensure effective communication throughout the project lifecycle, seems essential. Therefore, BIM, as a collaborative process for producing and managing data and information for a building, has attracted the attention of many companies and organizations throughout the project lifecycle. However, due to the novelty of this technology and the lack of sufficient understanding of the dimensions and stages of BIM implementation, it remains at a low level of acceptance despite the perceived benefits of its successful implementation. Therefore, the implementation of such a process in organizations requires significant changes in various aspects of the organization, which in turn creates many challenges and obstacles in the process of BIM implementation in the organization. Hence, considering the extent of the involved levels and required infrastructure for the BIM implementation process in companies, it is necessary to go beyond the project level and focus on organizations, industries, and national levels to take an effective step toward removing the obstacles and challenges of using this technology and achieving sustainable development in the country's construction industry. In this regard, Numerous studies have focused on identifying the challenges and barriers to implementing BIM technology at various levels in the literature review. However, the results obtained and the lack of significant benefits realized from the use of BIM in companies demonstrate that simply identifying obstacles and prioritizing them is insufficient, and more concrete actions and investigations are necessary for effective outcomes. Therefore, policies and strategies for implementing this technology at various levels require revision. Because the successful implementation of BIM within companies is largely influenced by the processes and regulations governing the construction industry. Considering the unfavorable legal, economic, and technical conditions , as well as the absence of BIM standards in the country, facilitating the implementation process of BIM in the construction industry of any country requires attention to decision-making hierarchy, linear policy-making, adoption of a systematic strategy, planning, comprehensive support, and participation from various levels of government, industry, and organizations. Additionally, the removal of policy barriers and supportive measures through appropriate decision-making at different levels of governance and the creation of essential infrastructures are crucial. In this research, the challenges and governmental barriers to the successful implementation of BIM were identified by reviewing the previous research, and then, using the simultaneously combined research method, these barriers were classified based on the expert's opinions and prioritized by employing the Friedman ranking test. Data collection for this research was conducted through the simultaneous use of semi-structured interviews and a closed-ended questionnaire. Based on the collected data analysis result, the governmental barriers that hinder the successful implementation of BIM in construction companies were prioritized in the order of policy-making, supportive, personnel-individual, legal-contractual, organizational, inter-organizational, economic viability, and technical factors.
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