یادگیری از فیلم های علمی-تخیلی: تاب آوری معماری-شهر دربرابر دنیاگیری ها (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
معماری-شهر ازجمله ایده های معماران و محققان برای حل مشکلات و چالش های ناشی از رشد جمعیت و به تبع آن، گسترش شهری است. معماری-شهر کلان شهری است خودکفا و مستقل در یک ساختار واحدِ عمودی با زیرساخت هایی بسیار پیشرفته که نیازمند الزاماتی در طراحی و ساخت، به ویژه تاب آوری دربرابر دنیاگیری هاست. پیش از دنیاگیری کووید-19، فیلم های علمی-تخیلی بارها دنیاگیری هایی را پیش بینی کرده و هشدارها و درس هایی داده اند. هدف کلی این تحقیق یادگیری از فیلم های علمی-تخیلی برای طراحی معماری-شهر تاب آور دربرابر دنیاگیری هاست. بنابراین، به تحلیل محتوای فیلم شیوع (2011)، به عنوان نمونه، پرداخت. سپس، براساس نتایج این تحلیل محتوا، راهکارهایی برای طراحی معماری-شهر تاب آور دربرابر دنیاگیری ها ارائه داد. طبق نتایج تحقیق حاضر، کیفیت فضاهای داخلی معماری-شهر از نظر عواملی چون بهره مندی از نور خورشید / روز، تهویه طبیعی، ارتباط با طبیعت و محیط بیرون، دسترسی به خدمات و امکانات در کوتاه ترین زمان، بدون نیاز به تعامل با سایر قسمت های بنا، به کمک طراحی محله های با کاربری مختلط و نسبتاً خودکفا درون بنا و بهره مندی از فنّاوری های پیشرفته حمل ونقلی، ساختمانی، کشاورزی و هوشمند عوامل مؤثر در تاب آوری معماری-شهر در دنیاگیری هاست. علاوه بر سودمندی در طراحی معمارانه پسادنیاگیری، نتایج این تحقیق می تواند مورد استفاده معماران و همه دست اندرکاران و تصمیم گیرندگان در طراحی و ساخت معماری-شهرهای آینده قرار گیرد.Learning from Science-fiction Films: Architecture-city Resilience to Pandemics
Architecture-city is a self-sufficient mixed-use vertical megastructure with advanced infrastructure capable of functioning as a city. It requires special attention to design and construction, particularly in terms of its resilience to pandemics. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, some science-fiction films had predicted pandemics and provided lessons and warnings. This study aimed to learn from science-fiction films to design a pandemic-resilient architecture-city. It conducted content analysis to reach the research aim, using Steven Soderbergh's Contagion as a case. The film was chosen because of its striking similarity to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted in three steps: transforming the visual content of the film Contagion (2011) into written text, analyzing the content of the written text, and explaining the factors affecting the architecture-city resilience to withstand pandemics. Multiple film reviews complemented the written text to ensure a comprehensive analysis. The content analysis results of the film were presented under "Thoughtful Points in Architectural Designs to Withstand Pandemics". Finally, based on these results and the architecture-city definition, the factors affecting architecture-city resilience to pandemics were discussed. Based on the content analysis of the film Contagion, key considerations in architectural designs to withstand pandemics include attention to indoor environmental quality, available urban services and facilities, and major pandemic challenges. Several factors, such as climate and building orientation, appropriate dimensions and area of spaces, access to daylight and natural ventilation, connection with nature, visual and acoustic aspects, security, materials' color and type, protecting the privacy of residents, open and semi-open spaces, and flexibility are vital in improving the quality of indoor spaces to tackle pandemics effectively. The film Contagion accentuates the significance of strengthening local centers. Designing mixed-use neighborhoods with relative self-sufficiency can increase resilience against pandemics by providing citizens easy access to work, education, shopping, health, welfare, and leisure. During pandemics, access to essential services like healthcare, medicine, food, water, and energy poses major challenges. The utilization of advanced technologies is crucial for architecture-city resilience, alongside indoor environmental quality and easy access to urban services and facilities. By incorporating advanced transportation technologies, such as MULTI elevators, architecture-city can be structured as one or multiple neighborhoods, considering its dimensions. Incorporating touch-free technologies and anti-viral materials into frequently touched surfaces can prevent viruses from spreading via fomites. Incorporating aeroponics technology for food security, utilizing renewable energy to provide power, and implementing smart technologies for social communication, teleworking, telemedicine, tele-education, and online shopping are some ways to enhance the resilience of architecture-city against pandemics. Based on the results of the present study, improving the quality of indoor environmental conditions, providing access to urban services and facilities quickly and efficiently, through the design of mixed-use and self-sufficient neighborhoods within the architecture-city, and utilizing advanced technologies of transportation, construction, agriculture, and smart systems, is essential in creating resilient architecture-cities that can withstand pandemics. The results of this study can benefit architects and decision-makers involved in designing and constructing future architecture-cities.
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