هوش هیجانی رانندگان اتوبوس: اثربخشی مداخلات روانی- اجتماعی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هوش هیجانی، توانایی درک و مدیریت هیجانات در موقعیت های گوناگون فردی، اجتماعی و شغلی است. رانندگی از جمله مشاغلی است که با موقعیت های مختلف هیجانی مواجه است و رفتار رانندگی تا اندازه زیادی تحت تأثیر هوش هیجانی راننده قرار دارد. در پژوهش حاضر جهت تعیین اثربخشی آموزش های هیجانی- اجتماعی بر ارتقای توانایی های هوش هیجانی رانندگان اتوبوس از روش شبه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون- پس آزمون تک گروهی استفاده شد. پروژه آموزش رانندگان شرکت واحد اتوبوسرانی از سال 1390 آغاز شده و در فازهای مخلتف اجرا می گردد. در سی ودومین فاز این پروژه 88 نفر از رانندگان اتوبوس شرکت واحد اتوبوسرانی شهر تهران در دوره آموزشی 9 جلسه ای، آموزش های مرتبط با مدیریت خشم، رانندگی انتقام جویانه، مدیریت استرس و ارتباط مؤثر دریافت کردند. برای جمع آوری داده ها از آزمون هوش هیجانی Bar-On استفاده شد. یافته های حاصل از تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری با اندازه گیری مکرر تفاوت معناداری را بین دو مرحله پیش آزمون و پس آزمون نشان داد. برای دریافتن اینکه این تغییر مربوط به کدام یک از متغیرهاست، تحلیل واریانس تک متغیری انجام شد. یافته ها اثربخشی بسته آموزشی رانندگان را بر برخی از مؤلفه های هوش هیجانی نشان داد. به بیان دیگر، می توان دوره آموزشی مداخلات روانی- اجتماعی را بر ارتقای هوش هیجانی رانندگان مؤثر دانست.Emotional Intelligence of Bus Drivers: The Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions
Introduction
Driving behavior is a behavior that a driver chooses as a pattern for his driving, and it depends on three factors: the driver, the vehicle, and factors related to the driving route. The driver's psychological and personality characteristics are the most important factors in his driving behavior and the driver behavior is related to his emotional and behavioral characteristics. Many studies have shown the role of emotional intelligence as one of the most important determinants of driver behavior. Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and manage our own and others' emotions which play a key role in all kinds of personal, social and professional situations. Some research have shown that high emotional intelligence is associated with greater ability to manage emotions, and low emotional intelligence is often associated with greater involvement in risky behaviors. Emotional intelligence can improve through training and have a positive effect on people's performance. Adults can learn to manage their behaviors and emotional reactions. Considering the importance of emotional intelligence in reducing inappropriate driving behaviors, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the mental health training program of drivers on their emotional intelligence.
Method
In the present study, in order to enhance the emotional intelligence abilities of bus drivers through psychosocial training, a quasi-experimental with a pre- and post-test design was used. The driver training project of Tehran Bus Company has been started since 2011 and is implemented in different phases on drivers who are applying for employment in the Company. In one of the phases, 88 bus drivers from Tehran Bus Company who received 9 training sessions on anger management, retaliatory driving, stress management and effective communication participated in the study. Bar-On (1977) emotional intelligence test was used to collect data in two stages of pre-test and post-test. This questionnaire is a self-assessment tool that can be used for people over 18 years old. In the present study, a shortened form of the questionnaire was used, in which there are 54 items related to 9 scales of problem solving, stress tolerance, emotional self-awareness, interpersonal relationships, optimism, impulse control, flexibility, empathy, and self-expression.
Results
The research findings of multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and univariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of four subscales. This difference is significant for the subscales of problem solving, emotional self-awareness and optimism at the 0.01 level and for the subscale of interpersonal relationships at the 0.05 level. In other words, participating in the training program has led to an increase in the ability of the participants in these subscales. Also, the value of F in these 4 subscales of emotional intelligence is equal to 7.70, 16.48, 11.52, and 5.29, respectively.
Discussion
The findings show the effectiveness of the program on some components of emotional intelligence. In other words, the training course on socio-emotional interventions can be considered effective in promoting drivers' emotional intelligence.
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