تبیین رابطه اختلاط کاربری و استرس شهری؛ نمونه مطالعاتی: ناحیه 8 منطقه 1 شهرداری تهران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
استرس شهری به عنوان عامل مهم ایجاد بیماری های جسمی و روانی در شهرها و اختلاط کاربری به عنوان یکی از اصول مهم شهرسازی، بسیار مهم بوده و لازم است برنامه ریزان و طراحان شهری در برنامه ها و طرح های خود به آنها توجه ویژه داشته باشند. اما با وجود مطالعه مجزا این دو موضوع، تاکنون هیچ مطالعه ای در راستای تبیین رابطه آنها انجام نشده است. در حالی که شناسایی این رابطه می تواند در طراحی و برنامه ریزی شهری درمانگر استرس و برنامه ریزی کاربری اراضی بسیار موثر باشد. به همین منظور این پژوهش با هدف تبیین رابطه استرس شهری و اختلاط کاربری در ناحیه 8 منطقه 1 شهرداری تهران انجام شده است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و برمبنای هدف از تحقیقات کاربردی محسوب می شود. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات از روش های کمی و کیفی مانند پرسشنامه و مطالعات کتابخانه ای و برای تحلیل آنها از روش تحلیل رگرسیونی استفاده شده است. یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که مقدار ضریب همبستگی بین متغیر مستقل و وابسته 0.738 می باشد که نشان می دهد بین اختلاط کاربری و استرس شهری همبستگی بالایی وجود دارد. همچنین ضریب تعیین تعدیل شده و یا اصلاح شده نشان می دهد 54 درصد از کل تغییرات میزان استرس زا بودن محیط زندگی افراد وابسته به اختلاط کاربری محدوده زندگی آنهاست. همچنین این دو متغیر رابطه عکس با یکدیگر دارند. در نتیجه هرچه اختلاط کاربری بیشتر باشد استرس شهری کاهش پیدا می کند. پس با ارتقا آن می توان استرس شهری را تا حد چشمگیری کاهش و سلامت روانی شهروندان را ارتقا داد.Explaining the relationship between land use mixing and urban stress; Case study: Zone 8, Municipal District 1, Tehran
Extended Abstract Background and Objectives: Urbanization is growing rapidly in this world (Evans et al., 2020a, 1). In 2007, half of the world’s population lived in cities (Chinomnso, 2014, 4). This ratio will reach 70% in 2050 (Adli & Schondorf, 2020, 2). Cities are exposed to many issues and problems due to the many advantages they have (Mahmoudzadeh and Harishchian, 2017, 60). For example, urban life affects mental health (Kyriakou & Resch, 2019, 1) and exposure to stress is the most important factor in increasing mental disorders in cities (Streit et al., 2014, 352). In fact, the stress of modern urban life or urban stress can be a basis for mental disorders (Kennedy & Adolphs, 2011, 452). Urban stress is one of the important causes of physical and mental diseases, moral anomalies, reduction of security and waste of human capital in cities. For this reason, it is necessary for urban planners and designers to pay special attention to this issue in their plans and projects. The location of land uses also has a great impact on the quality of life and the efficiency of related services, and one of the basic tasks of urban planners is to allocate land to different uses (Javadi et al., 2013, 23, 24). Today, with the expansion of new urbanism, smart growth and sustainable development approaches, the application of land use mixing as one of the important principles of these approaches in urban planning in advanced countries has increased (Pourmohammadi et al., 2014, 34) and land use mixing has become one of the important cases in the model Spatial planning has become. which includes many benefits such as reducing intra-city trips and reducing dependence on cars, increasing productivity in land use, strengthening the efficiency of land use and increasing social relations of citizens (Javadi et al., 2013, 25). Also, mixing of uses reduces the cost of providing infrastructure in the city (Zarafshan et al., 2019, 175) and improves the sense of belonging of citizens (Kotharkar & Bahadure, 2012, 1). But even though in recent years, many studies have separately dealt with urban stress and mixed use, no study has been done to explain the relationship between the two. For this purpose, this research has been conducted with the aim of explaining the relationship between urban stress and land use mix in district 8 of district 1 of Tehran municipality, which is the most stressful district of this district based on the conditions of Tehran city and the opinion of experts. Considering the importance of the subject, this research has been done with the aim of measuring the amount of mixed use and urban stress in the studied sample and explaining the relationship between these two subjects. Methods: The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on the purpose of applied research. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data and regression analysis method was used to analyze them. First, in order to select the sample to be studied, Delphi method was used and by summarizing the opinions of a group of experts in district 8 of one district of Tehran municipality, it was selected as the sample to be studied. For the overall analysis of the research, 37 urban stress indicators have been identified, of which information on 15 cases has been collected through questionnaires and surveys from area residents, and others through quantitative methods such as field sampling, spatial analysis, and library studies. Also, the information related to the mix of uses has been obtained through the entropy coefficient method. According to the population of the area in the last census (59,429) and Cochran’s formula (with a confidence level of 95%, an error of 0.05% and a normal variable rate of 1.96), the minimum number of questionnaires was 381, and finally 413 questionnaires that provided information about It questions 20 measures, distributed in blocks as a simple random sampling. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to
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