راهکارهای کاهش ناسازگاری شناختی در خانه های معاصر آپارتمانی از طریق انطباق مکان-احساس ها و مکان-رفتارها (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
خانه به عنوان مکانی بی واسطه و بی تکلف ، تاثیر عمیقی بر احساسات ساکنین خود دارد. اما امروزه خانه های آپارتمانی در تاکید صرف بر عملکردها، احساسات ساکنین را نادیده می گیرند و با ایجاد احساسات، افکار و تمایلات متناقض باعث ناسازگاری شناختی و اضطراب عاطفی می شوند. سوال اصلی پژوهش این است که چگونه می توان ناسازگاری شناختی در خانه های معاصر آپارتمانی را کاهش داد؟ و هدف از طرح این پژوهش ارائه راهکارهایی برای ایجاد سازگاری شناختی در خانه های آپارتمانی با تاکید بر مکان-احساس ها در کنار مکان-رفتارهاست. در پژوهش حاضر از روش کیفی و نظریه زمینه ای استفاده شده و پس از مرور ادبیات در حوزه ناسازگاری شناختی و قابلیت محیط، مطالعه میدانی بر سی و چهار نفر از ساکنین بیست خانه ی آپارتمانی انجام شده است تا اینکه داده ها به مرحله اشباع رسیده اند. در این مرحله اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه و تهیه عکس و کروکی جمع آوری شده و نقشه های مکان-رفتار و مکان-احساس ترسیم شده اند. نهایتاً با انطباق این نقشه ها نتیجه گیری صورت گرفته است. یافته ها نشان می دهد که در خانه های معاصر آپارتمانی مکان-احساس ها و مکان-رفتارها بر یکدیگر منطبق نیستند و این مسئله باعث ایجاد ناسازگاری شناختی و تنش می شود. برای کاهش این تنش ها و ایجاد سازگاری شناختی در سه سطح، راهکارهایی ارائه شده است. در سطح ارتباط بین فضاها، استفاده از ساختار خطی، اتاق های با دو در و تفکیک فضاها پیشنهاد شده. در سطح ابعاد و ماهیت فضا، به راهکارهایی مثل هماهنگی مقیاس فعالیت و مقیاس فضا، اتاق هایی با ابعاد خیلی کوچک، تخلخل در جداره ها، فضاهایی برای پشتیبانی فعالیت های اختیاری و عرض حداقل دو متر برای تراس اشاره شده است و در سطح جزئیات و اجزاء فضا، راهکارهایی از جمله نور طبیعی، فضاسازی احساسی در اطراف منابع گرمایشی، جداره متخلخل در تراس، نشیمنگاه در کنار پنجره و شومینه ارائه شده اند.Solutions to reduce cognitive dissonance in contemporary apartment units through adaptation of place-emotions and place-behaviors
Extended Abstract Background and Objectives: The residence, being a modest space, significantly influences the emotions of those who dwell in it. However, apartment units, in their mere emphasis on functions, ignore the emotions of the occupants and cause cognitive dissonance and anxiety by creating conflicting emotions, thoughts, and desires. The primary research inquiry revolves around finding methods to minimize cognitive dissonance in modern apartment units. The purpose of this research is to identify common cognitive dissonances in contemporary apartments through identifying the emotional and behavioral affordances of residential spaces and the adaptation of place-emotions and place-behaviors, and secondly, to provide solutions to create cognitive compatibility in these houses. So far, the emotional affordances of the environment have been implicitly expressed in the definitions of the indirect affordances of the environment, but no consistent research has been done in this regard. Indeed, studies on environmental affordances typically focus on behavioral and functional aspects. This research aims to examine how the qualities and spatial features of a residence impact residents’ emotions. It delves into the concept of emotional affordances of the environment, providing clarifications through examples. Methods: In this study, a qualitative method and grounded theory were employed. Following a literature review on cognitive dissonance and environmental affordance, a field study was conducted involving thirty-four residents from twenty apartment units. At this stage, information is collected through interviews and photographs and sketches. Then place-behaviors and place-emotions maps were also drawn. Finally, conclusions have been made by adapting these maps. Apartment units are considered as the current model of contemporary housing in the current research. The samples were first selected from the city of Zanjan and after the pilot study, in order to verify the findings and continue the field research, samples from the cities of Karaj, Tehran, Shiraz and Tabriz were added to the research. The samples were selected from middle-class housing and mass complexes were not considered in this research. Also, the purpose of the current research was to study the middle-class housing, which has an acceptable expansion and the most frequency in the country. The research exploratory nature led to the researcher not pre determinedly defining the space characteristics in the study design. Instead, characteristics considered more crucial from the audience’s perspective in eliciting place-emotions, and those to which residents are more sensitive, were identified through interviews, extracted, and coded. Interview tools were used to collect information, and two-person interviews were chosen as the main tool for data collection in this research. In order to understand the emotional and behavioral affordances of the units, the interview questions were designed in a semi-structured way. In addition to interviews, photos and sketches have been used to draw and finally analyze place-emotions and place-behaviors. Findings: In the theoretical part of the research findings based on the grounded research method and selective coding, three characteristics of behavioral patterns were identified, which include “types of activity (responsible, vital and optional activities)”, “scale of activity” and “time period of activity”. It was also found that the emotions related to the space can be divided into three categories of “spaciousness”, “coziness” and “memorability” under the title of the types of emotional affordances of the space. This research underscores the significance of residences having an additional dimension that encompasses place-emotions. Identifying examples of emotional affordances within residences can play a crucial role in analyzing place-emotions and mitigating cognitive dissonance. Therefore, the innovation in this research lies in e
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