بررسی تطبیقی زمان اسطوره ای در شعر سهراب سپهری و میخائیل لرمانتوف (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
زمان اسطوره ای، به زمانی گفته می شود که برخلاف زمان عادی، خطی و معدود تاریخی، گذرا نیست؛ بلکه زمانی مقدس، دوری، مانا، پایدار و جاودانه است؛ کاستی نمی یابد، ابدی و همیشگی است. این پژوهش بر آن است تا ویژگی های زمان اسطوره ای و جنبه های گوناگون نگاه اسطوره ای را در آثار سپهری و لرمانتوف نمایان سازد. سهراب سپهری شاعر معاصر فارسی در اشعار خود با کلامی تصویری ، تداوم در تصاویر و استمرار آن ها توانسته است با نوع جهان بینی ویژه و مشرب فکری ، فلسفه شرقی، برخی از آثارش را با توجه به زمان اسطوره ای و اساساً اسطوره ها خلق کند. میخائیل لرمانتوف، شاعر قرن نوزدهم روسیه از نخبگان سرزمین خویش است و برخی از سروده هایش یادآور سوره هایی از قرآن و کتاب مقدس است او با نگاه جهان بینانه و توجه به اسطوره های شرقی، توانسته است؛ اسطوره ها و زمان اسطوره ای را در آثار خود منعکس سازد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که زمان در آثار سپهری و لرمانتوف، قدسی و اسطوره ای است.A Comparative Study of the Mythical time in Sohrab Sepehri’s Poems and Mikhail Lermontov
. Introduction Mythical time is said to be a time that is not transitory unlike normal, linear and limited historical time; Rather, it is a holy, distant, mana, stable and eternal time; It does not lack, it is eternal and eternal. This research aims to reveal the characteristics of mythical time and various aspects of the mythical view in the works of Sepehri and Lermontov. Sohrab Sepehri, a contemporary Persian poet, in his poems, with visual language and continuity in their images and their continuity, has been able to create some of his works in Eastern philosophy with regard to mythical time and basically myths, with his special type of worldview and intellectual influence. Mikhail Lermontov, the 19th century Russian poet, is one of the elites of his country. With his worldview and attention to Eastern myths, he has been able to reflect myths and mythical time in his works. Some of his poems are reminiscent of surahs from the Quran and the Bible. According to the results of this research, it seems that the theme of myth and mythical time is present in the works of two poets, and time in the works of Sepehri and Lermontov is a sacred and mythical time. 2.Methodology Thinking about time is a topic that has occupied the mind of this Romanian thinker, and in the works of this researcher, it is always seen as a recurring theme, in such a way that, according to critics, time is the main hero of his works. In his opinion, the subject of "time" is like "Maya" in the eyes of a Hindu "Brahman" and he goes through all the paths and paths in order to go beyond the "Eternal Eclipse”. A major part of Mircha Eliade's research is about secret knowledge and rituals, and in all of them he tries to find a solution to stop time. Because he believes that in ancient times, man had the ability to overturn or at least suspend time. The myth of the eternal return of Eliadeh is considered one of her most reliable works on "time and history" and in her research studies, she has prepared a report on the mythic idea of the past people about time. By collecting a large number of legends, symbols and ancient rituals and interpreting them in a comparative study with their unique worldview, which is based on spiritual ontology, the opposition of theology and the earthly world, he comes to the conclusion that religious people in ancient societies believed in two types of time, ordinary and limited time and historical, sacred and mythological time. (Eliadeh, 2014: 7-8) The coherent language and structure of Sohrab's words and poetry, on the one hand, assimilation with the elements of life and surrounding nature, the use of epistemic and mythological origins, along with the absolute presence of the poet's mind and heart, connects his poetry to a holy and mythical time through instant revelations. And the escape from transitory and irreversible and decaying time leads his poetry to eternal and permanent time. A time of theology that has moved far away and is endlessly renewed by repetition and endlessness. Lermontov's mythical time and worldview can also be seen in his works. Eastern myths in some of his songs are reminiscent of texts from holy books. One of the scholars of history and orientalist named Dimitri says about him: Although you cannot find any kind of image of Islam in Lermontov's works, you can see the face of one of the most beautiful Islamic corners of the earth, and that is the Caucasus and its nature and people. The influence of the folklore of Caucasian nations is noticeable in his poems. Caucasus is considered the birthplace of his poems. Of course, in the meantime, due to the lack of access to Lermontov's works and the lack of sufficient sources related to them, the analysis of the article was inevitably carried out based on some of his works that were available scattered in electronic sources and sometimes in various scientific researches and non-scientific journals. 3.Discussion The feedback of mythical time (stable and lasting time) in the works of poets such as Sohrab and Mikhail Lermontov who have a similar tendency to eastern thoughts was the subject of this article. According to the two poets, myth is the story of sacred and Minoan in the first time of everything. Regarding the examples and main examples of creation, symbols of the center, re-creation of the continuity of time, issues related to the beginning and end of the world and life after death, ontological aspects, sanctity of time, inner (existential) time, re-creation of time, eternality of creation, eternal examples and repetitions All of them are reflected in their works. One of the most important mythological manifestations in the literature of various nations is the myth of creation, creation and eternal time and place and the beginning of existence. 4.Conclusion Sohrab imagines the creation of the world according to his thought, worldview and intellectual influence. In his poems, he seems to have been present at the moment of the beginning of the creation of the world and the first days of creation took place in his era, in this way he paid attention to the beginning of the year and day, the duration of creation, the constant re-creation of time and eternal examples and repetitions, the examples of rituals and those reflected in his poems. From another point of view, it can be said that the poet recreates (the world) in his poems and tries to present the creation outside of time and no history in the mind of the audience, and this type of view is similar to the approach of primitive man and traditional societies and mythical mankind. Sohrab's belief in mythical and sacred time has been manifested in various aspects of myth and mythological concepts. Mythical time and mythical view are also visible in Lermontov's works. Paying attention to archetypes, recreating time, creation and creation of the first works of the world, the use of mythological characters such as the devil, angel and mythological concepts such as death and birth, hell and heaven are evident in his works. Bringing holy places (symbols of the center) such as "Palestine", "Holy Mountain", "Jerusalem" and even swearing to the factors of nature and the beginning of the world and many other signs on the recognition that he also has a special view of mythical and sacred time. gives consistency and according to these evidences and works, it is possible to prove his belief in a holy and mythical time. By comparing the works of Sohrab Sepehri and Mikhail Lermontov in this research, it seems that time is sacred, mythical and eternal in the eyes of both poets. Let's look at these works for the type of their worldview, according to the specific intellectual and thought of these two poets, Sohrab Sepehri's poems floated in an aura of hope and oriental mysticism that is characteristic of Sohrab's view, while (timelessness) is a mythical time in the poems. Lermontov is the result of nihilism and despair and has turned into despair and negativity.
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