تاثیر غزلیات نظامی بر غزلیات حافظ براساس نظریه بینامتنیت (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
غزلیات نظامی سرشار از زیباترین و جذابترین اندیشه های عاشقانه است و به خاطر سادگی و روانی زبانی که در غزلیاتش به کار برده و همچنین به علت اینکه از لحاظ مضامین، دارای تنوع قابل توجهی است باعث شده تا شاعران بزرگی که خود سرآمد شاعران غزلسرا بوده اند به طرز قابل توجهی از آنها تاثیر بپذیرند. یکی از این شاعران بزرگ که تحت تاثیر غزلیات نظامی قرارگرفته، حافظ است. وی با وجود اینکه خود ابداع کننده ی شیوه ی جدیدی از غزل است باز از نظامی تاثیر پذیرفته است و با کمی تامل متوجه این شباهت ها در غزلیات حافظ و نظامی می شویم. گفتگو و ارتباط بین متن های این دو شاعر فقط از دیدگاه زبانی و معنایی نیست، بلکه به دلایل بسیار و شاید مشابهت محیط فرهنگی و ویژگی های سبکی مشترک باشد که می تواند در دو بخش ارتباط های درون متنی و برون متنی مورد بحث و بررسی قرارگیرد. در این مقاله نگارنده سعی کرده است تا این ارتباط ها را مشخص وآنها را مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار دهد.The intertextual influence of Nezami's sonnets on Hafez's sonnets
Introduction During the 6th century, Nizami was a well-known poet who had a significant impact on the emergence of the Persian sonnet, especially in its romantic variation. Although Nizami gained widespread fame and admiration, many of his sonnets have been disregarded. Comparable to other Persian poets, Nizami composed sonnets on specific occasions in addition to his celebrated poems, which frequently delved into subjects like love, being, and inebriation. Many articles have been written about Nizami's poems, but his sonnets have not received as much attention from scholars. Some researchers may believe that his sonnets are not as worthy of analysis compared to his Khamseh, or they might not consider them significant enough in terms of form and content. However, Nizami has exhibited his extraordinary artistic talent in crafting sonnets, much like his exceptional Masnavis. His careful word selection, artistic imagery, and suitable concepts have resulted in delightful and captivating poems that have garnered praise from prominent figures in Persian literature. The concept of intertextuality, which explores how different writers' works influence each other's ideas and perspectives, is currently a popular topic among scholars. Methodology Given the similarities in intellectual and language style between Nizami and Hafez's poetry, it is worth investigating the connection between their sonnets and other literary works. By examining Hafez's poetry, especially his sonnets, it is evident that Nizami's sonnets have influenced Hafez's literary style in various linguistic categories. Intertextuality plays a crucial role in the formation of texts, and it often creates a variety of voices and dynamics in a text. No text can be completely independent of intertextuality. Therefore, poets and writers can draw inspiration not only from previous works but also from their future works. This inspiration can manifest in different forms, such as structure, framework, external structure, word choice, sentence structure, or even descriptions. Despite Hafez's exceptional poetic skills, he still incorporated the words and ideas of his predecessors into his work, and Nizami was one of the poets who significantly influenced Hafez's work. By examining Hafez's poetry, we can comprehend how Nizami influenced both the extratextual and intratextual components of Hafez's work. Discussion "Extratextual communication" refers to the external relationship between texts. By comparing texts, we can identify these connections that exist outside of the texts themselves. This type of connection is the impact that one text has on another in terms of structure. This can be observed in the sonnets of Hafez and Nizami, where the influence of Nizami on Hafez's sonnets is evident due to the strong connection between them. While it's possible that Hafez was influenced by other writers, it's essential to identify the most impactful factors that played a role in shaping his work. This type of similarity is primarily found in the musical dimension of poetry, such as weight. However, sometimes the thematic content of the verses can also play a role alongside the musical and phonetic aspects. The following are some examples of intertextual signs that can be observed in both the internal and external aspects of certain verses written by the two poets: the use of the same weight and rhythm, the same format and rhymes, common vocabulary and combinations, similar similes, and common themes. The term "intratextual communication" refers to the relationship between different parts of a text. In this context, it pertains to the influence that certain words and their meanings have on each other within a text. Sometimes this influence is accompanied by musical harmony, while other times it is not. Here are some examples of intertextual signs that can be observed within the inner aspect of the verses written by two poets: the use of similar allusions, common images, shared similes, comparable interpretations and descriptions, and debates. Conclusion A thorough analysis of Nizami and Hafez's sonnets illustrates the degree to which Nizami's poetry served as a source of inspiration for Hafez. Hafez ingeniously utilized Nizami's poems to craft even more exceptional and articulate verses, showcasing his own creative prowess. The study's findings indicate that: 1- The interaction and correspondence between the texts of these two poets is not only based on linguistic and semantic aspects, but also due to the similarity of cultural context and shared stylistic features, which can be observed in both intra-textual and extra-textual communication. 2- Hafez was influenced by Nizami's sonnets in terms of their weight, rhyme, line structure, and other musical components. 3. There are evident connections in the field of intra-textual communication (infrastructure) between these two poets, including themes such as love, ruins, etc., which were influenced by the prevalent lyrical literary traditions of their time. 4. In some instances, Hafez incorporated Nizami's verses into his own work with little to no modification.
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